The Impact of Climate Warming on Lake Surface Heat Exchange and Ice Phenology of Different Types of Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau

Lang, Jiahe; Ma, Yaoming; Li, Zhaoguo; Su, Dongsheng

doi:10.3390/w13050634

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Hence, experiments (SenExp_u*) with u* multiplied by a series of scale factors (varies from 1.2 to 2.0 with a 0.2 interval) were conducted to analyze the sensitivity of water temperature to u*. Previous studies have shown that the white ice albedo (α max ) is a key parameter that determines lake ice phenology [65,66]. Thus, a series of sensitive experiments with changed white ice albedo (from 0.2 to 0.6 with a 0.05 interval) were conducted to explore its influence on ice phenology and water temperature.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements and Evaluation of the FLake Model in Dagze Co, Central Tibetan Plateau

Cao,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Water

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FLake has been one of the most extensively used lake models in many studies for lake thermal structure simulations. However, due to the scarcity of lake temperature observations, its applicability and performance on lakes over the Tibetan Plateau are still poorly investigated, especially in small- to medium-sized lakes. In this study, based on water profile observations in Dagze Co, a medium-sized lake on the central Tibetan Plateau, the sensitivity of lake thermal features to three key parameters in FLake was investigated. The performance of FLake in reproducing the lake thermal features was evaluated and improved by optimizing these key parameters. The results showed that the FLake model with default parameter settings can generally reproduce the thermal features of Dagze Co, but there are still significant deviations compared to observation. The sensitive experiments demonstrated that the thermal structure of the lake obviously responds to the change in the water extinction coefficient (Kd), friction velocity (u*), and ice albedo (αice). Based on previous studies and sensitive experiments, the three key parameters were set to the optimized value, which substantially improved the performance of FLake. The values of bias and RMSE of simulated lake surface water temperature decreased from 3.08 °C and 3.62 °C to 2.0 °C and 2.48 °C after parameter optimization. The integration of a simple salinity scheme further improved the ability of FLake to reproduce the observed thermal features of Dagze Co. These results will improve our understanding of thermal processes in lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, as well as the applicability of lake models.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements and Evaluation of the FLake Model in Dagze Co, Central Tibetan Plateau

Cao,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Water

Self Cite

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“…Furthermore, a small bias on the air temperature could change the temperature evolution of the lake and then influence the lake ice phenology (Bernus & Ottlé, 2022). The lack of in situ observations at TP alpine lakes has made the simulation of lake thermal structure and lake ice formation more difficult and uncertain (Huang et al., 2017; Lang et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Parameterizing Lake Surface and Internal Thermal Processes in WRF for Simulating Freeze Onset of an Alpine Deep Lake

Yang

et al. 2022

JGR Atmospheres

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The alpine lakes widely distributed over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are not only highly sensitive to climate but also regulate the regional climate. However, the lack of TP alpine lake observations limits the understanding of the lake‐atmosphere interactions. Here, we show the relative importance of parameterizing lake surface and internal thermal processes in describing the lake energy budget and lake‐atmosphere interactions. Based on the in situ observations at Lake Nam Co, a large and deep lake in the TP, we employed the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting with lake (WRF‐Lake) model to clarify their relative roles. Results show that the original model produces cold biases and too early timing of lake freeze onset. The adjustments of parameterizations of lake internal (temperature of maximum water density, extinction coefficient) and lake surface (roughness length) processes significantly improve the ability of the WRF‐Lake in simulating the lake thermal features and the freeze onset timing. The different parameterizations of lake internal thermal processes affect the onset timing of lake freeze mainly by altering the release of turbulent heat fluxes in summer, but the adjustments of lake surface roughness lengths change the turbulent heat fluxes during the unfrozen season from summer through early winter. Accordingly, the simulated lake freeze onset is much more sensitive to the surface roughness length schemes than to the internal thermal processes schemes. As the lake‐atmosphere interactions are very sensitive to the lake freeze onset, our results are critical for understanding and simulating the impact of TP lakes on the regional climate.

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“…The TP preserves a sufficient amount of lakes and glaciers, which are both experiencing hydrological change in the context of climate warming. The surface processes and ice phenology of lakes on the TP were investigated by Lang et al (2021) [11], and an increasing trend in lake surface temperature and latent heat flux, as well as a decreasing trend in sensible heat flux and ice thickness, were illustrated. Based on surface mass balance parameterizations, the mean glacier volume loss of Da Anglong Glacier during 2016-2098 was simulated by Zhao et al (2022) [12] to be 38% and 83% of the volume in 2016 under RCP2.6 and RCP8.…”

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confidence: 99%

Energy and Water Cycles in the Third Pole

2022

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As the most prominent and complicated terrain on the globe, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is often called the "Roof of the World", "Third Pole"or "Asian Water Tower". The energy and water cycles in the Third Pole have great impacts on the atmospheric circulation, Asian monsoon system and global climate change. On the other hand, the TP and the surrounding higher elevation area are also experiencing evident and rapid environmental changes under the background of global warming.As the headwater area of major rivers in Asia, the TP's environmental changes-such as glacial retreat, snow melting, lake expanding and permafrost degradation-pose potential long-term threats to water resources of the local and surrounding regions. To promote quantitative understanding of energy and water cycles of the TP, several field campaigns, including GAME/Tibet, CAMP/Tibet and TORP, have been carried out. A large amount of data have been collected to gain a better understanding of the atmospheric boundary layer structure, turbulent heat fluxes and their coupling with atmospheric circulation and hydrological processes. The focus of this reprint is to present recent advances in quantifying land-atmosphere interactions, the water cycle and its components, energy balance components, climate change and hydrological feedbacks by in situ measurements, remote sensing or numerical modelling approaches in the "Third Pole"region.

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The Impact of Climate Warming on Lake Surface Heat Exchange and Ice Phenology of Different Types of Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 9 publications

References 76 publications

Improvements and Evaluation of the FLake Model in Dagze Co, Central Tibetan Plateau

Improvements and Evaluation of the FLake Model in Dagze Co, Central Tibetan Plateau

Importance of Parameterizing Lake Surface and Internal Thermal Processes in WRF for Simulating Freeze Onset of an Alpine Deep Lake

Energy and Water Cycles in the Third Pole

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