The impact of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography on oil &amp; gas analysis: Recent advances and applications in petroleum industry

Pollo, Breno Jorge; Alexandrino, Guilherme L.; Augusto, Fábio; Hantao, Leandro Wang

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2018.05.007

Cited by 91 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…In spite of the hypersaline, oily and corrosive properties of PW, the HLB TF‐SPME device proved to be robust throughout many extractions, retaining its extraction efficiency throughout the entire study. In efforts to meet the goals outlined by various agencies [3,9,10], future efforts should focus on the coupling of comprehensive sampling techniques to more extensive instrumentation such as GC×GC hyphenated to high‐resolution MS, a strategy already being exploited for oil analysis [42] and a handful of PW reports [17,22]. While LC has been utilized for the analysis of PW [16,43], there is, however, no reports at this time for the analysis of PW using 2D LC hyphenated to MS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of thin film solid phase microextraction and data deconvolution methods for accurate characterization of organic compounds in produced water

Emmons

Liden

Schug

et al. 2020

J of Separation Science

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Funding informationThe University of Toledo The continued rise in the extraction of unconventional oil and gas across the globe poses many questions about how to manage these relatively new waste-streams.Produced water, the primary waste by-product, contains a diverse number of anthropogenic additives together with the numerous hydrocarbons extracted from the well.Due to potential environmental hazards, it is critical to characterize the chemical composition of this type of waste before proper disposal or remediation/reuse.In this work, a thin film solid phase microextraction approach was developed and optimized to characterize produced water. The thin film device consisted of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance particles embedded in polydimethylsiloxane and immobilized on a carbon mesh surface. These devices were chosen to provide broad extraction coverage and high reusability. Various parameters were evaluated to ensure reproducible results while minimizing analyte loss. This optimized protocol, consisting of a 15 min extraction followed by a short (3 s) rinsing step, enabled the reproducible analysis of produced water without any sample pretreatment. Extraction efficiency was suitable for both produced water additives and hydrocarbons. The developed approach was able to tentatively identify a total of 201 compounds from produced water samples, by using one-dimensional gas chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry and data deconvolution. K E Y W O R D Sdata deconvolution, hydraulic fracturing, thin film solid phase microextraction, unconventional environmental contaminants, untargeted analysis Article Related Abbreviations: AMDIS, automated mass spectral deconvolution and identification system

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of thin film solid phase microextraction and data deconvolution methods for accurate characterization of organic compounds in produced water

Emmons

Liden

Schug

et al. 2020

J of Separation Science

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“…The PC2 loading (Fig. 4) describes a weathered oil fingerprint (blue peaks with a negative score) [27,28] because of the occurrence of many hydrocarbons, naphthenes and alkylated mono-and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which were confirmed with standards (Level 1 in Table 1, Additional file 1: Table S2). They indicate a continuous input of mineral oil products in this particular region of the fortress channel (negatively scoring samples 1C to 2C).…”

Section: Local Models-channel (Fsk) Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

GC × GC–HRMS nontarget fingerprinting of organic micropollutants in urban freshwater sediments

2020

Self Cite

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Background: Sediments are sinks for organic micropollutants, which are traditionally analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Although GC-MS and GC-tandem MS (MS/MS) are preferred for target screening, they provide only limited chromatographic resolution for nontarget screening. In this study, a comprehensive twodimensional GC-high-resolution MS method (GC × GC-HRMS) was developed for nontarget screening and source identification of organic micropollutants in sediments from an urban channel and adjacent lake in Copenhagen, Denmark. The GC × GC-HRMS data were processed by pixel-based chemometric analysis using baseline subtraction, alignment, normalisation, and scaling before principal component analysis (PCA) of the pre-processed GC × GC-HRMS base peak ion chromatograms (BPCs). The analysis was performed to identify organic micropollutants of high abundance and relevance in the urban sediments and to identify pollution sources. Tentative identifications were based on match factors and retention indices and tagged according to the level of identification confidence. Results: The channel contained both a significantly higher abundance of micropollutants and a higher diversity of compounds compared to the lake. The PCA models were able to isolate distinct sources of chemicals such as a natural input (viz., a high relative abundance of mono-, di-and sesquiterpenes) and a weathered oil fingerprint (viz., alkanes, naphthenes and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). A dilution effect of the weathered oil fingerprint was observed in lake samples that were close to the channel. Several benzothiazole-like structures were identified in lake samples close to a high-traffic road which could indicate a significant input from asphalt or tire wear particles. In total, 104 compounds and compound groups were identified. Conclusions: Several chemical fingerprints of different sources were described in urban freshwater sediments in Copenhagen using a pixel-based chemometric approach of GC × GC-HRMS BPCs. Various micropollutants of anthropogenic origin were identified. Tailored pre-processing and careful interpretation of the identification results is inevitable and still requires further research for an automated workflow.

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“…Non-polar PAHs occur in water due to the presence of various surfactant media and humic substances and it needs careful attention 13 . LC-MS, GC-MS, HPLC, and spectroscopic techniques have been established for PAHs' precise quantification in water and soil [14][15][16] . Among them, fluorescence-based techniques hold more attention because of its simplicity and sensitivity 17,18 .…”

Section: Simultaneous Quantification Of Multiple Polycyclic Aromatic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Quantification of Multiple Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Media using Micelle Assisted White Light Excitation Fluorescence

Prakash

Mishra

2020

Sci Rep

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The impact of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography on oil & gas analysis: Recent advances and applications in petroleum industry

Cited by 91 publications

References 158 publications

Optimization of thin film solid phase microextraction and data deconvolution methods for accurate characterization of organic compounds in produced water

Optimization of thin film solid phase microextraction and data deconvolution methods for accurate characterization of organic compounds in produced water

GC × GC–HRMS nontarget fingerprinting of organic micropollutants in urban freshwater sediments

Simultaneous Quantification of Multiple Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Media using Micelle Assisted White Light Excitation Fluorescence

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