“…A common premise in these studies is that consumers desire long-term brand relationships (Fournier, 1998). There are many ways by which consumers maintain long-term relationships with brands; we examine two of them in this paper: first, consumers resist attempts that encourage them to change their beliefs and attitudes about their preferred brand (Descotes and Pauwels-Delassus, 2015;Mikolon et al, 2015;Raju et al, 2009a;Ram and Sheth, 1989), and second, consumers volitionally exclude other brands from being considered as a way to avoid being persuaded by those brands (termed as determinism by Oliver, 1999). Even though these two constructs, resistance and determinism, have been identified as being important for brand performance, scales to measure these constructs have not been developed to date; further, how resistance and determinism relate to other brand relationship constructs have not been clearly established.…”