The Impact of Contact Pressure on Passive Intermodulation in Coaxial Connectors

Jin, Qiuyan; Gao, Jinchun; Bi, Lingyu; Zhou, Yuqi

doi:10.1109/lmwc.2019.2957983

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The current magnitude depends on the size of a contact spot and thickness of an insulating layer, which are determined by the applied pressure, local temperature and deformations of the surface asperities as illustrated by the links in Figure 1. The high-power carriers are mixed and modulated at the contact nonlinearities due to variations of the contact size, temperature and resistance [27,[38][39][40]. The thermal effects and mechanical deformations develop much slower than the oscillations of the RF carriers and the tunnelling current.…”

Section: Electrical Nonlinearities Of Conductor Jointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PIM phenomenology has been studied for more than 40 years but still remains a nagging problem. The basic physical mechanisms of nonlinearities and PIM generation were explored in metal contacts [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], printed RF transmission lines [30][31][32][33][34][35][36], cable assemblies [17,18,31,[37][38][39][40] and antennas [21,[41][42][43][44][45]. The main sources of passive nonlinearities include Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) junctions [22][23][24][26][27][28][29], electro-thermal processes [37,40,46,47], surface roughness [32,48,49] and contact mechanical deformations [49][50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst the mechanical properties of MEMS have been explored in great detail (see [50][51][52][53] and references therein) the existing models were developed for the linear devices operated with weak RF signals. The effect of high RF power on the contacts and junctions of conductors with rough surfaces were studied only in coaxial connectors [38][39][40] and waveguide flanges [54]. The practical means of mitigating nonlinear distortions and PIM in passive RF circuits remain predominantly semi-empirical [10,55].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Passive Intermodulation at Contacts of Rough Conductors

Dayan

Huang

Schuchinsky

2022

Electronic Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Passive intermodulation (PIM) is a niggling phenomenon that debilitates the performance of modern communications and navigation systems. PIM products interfere with information signals and cause their nonlinear distortion. The sources and basic mechanisms of PIM have been studied in the literature but PIM remains a serious problem of signal integrity. In this paper, the main sources and mechanisms of PIM generation by joints of good conductors are discussed. It is shown that the passive electrical, thermal and mechanical nonlinearities are intrinsically linked despite their distinctively different time scales. The roughness of the contact surfaces plays an important role in PIM generation by conductor joints. A review of the PIM phenomenology at the contacts of the good conductors suggests that novel multiphysics models are necessary for the analysis and reliable prediction of PIM products generated by several concurrent nonlinearities of a diverse physical nature.

show abstract

Section: Electrical Nonlinearities Of Conductor Jointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Passive Intermodulation at Contacts of Rough Conductors

Dayan

Huang

Schuchinsky

2022

Electronic Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When components for the system are built from scratch, it is certainly wise to adhere to well-established practices of low-PIM design. Weak passive non-linearities can arise from a wide range of phenomena such as metal to metal junctions [21], conductor surface roughness [22], coaxial connector type [23], connector torque or contact pressure [24], electro-thermal heating effects [25], and unsuitable galvanic surface finishes containing ferromagnetic nickel as a diffusion barrier [26], such as ENIG.…”

Section: Passive Harmonic Radar System Component Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A SFCW harmonic radar system for maritime search and rescue using passive and active tags

Harzheim

Mühmel

Heuermann

2021

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper introduces a new maritime search and rescue system based on S-band illumination harmonic radar (HR). Passive and active tags have been developed and tested while attached to life jackets and a small boat. In this demonstration test carried out on the Baltic Sea, the system was able to detect and range the active tags up to a distance of 5800 m using an illumination signal transmit-power of 100 W. Special attention is given to the development, performance, and conceptual differences between passive and active tags used in the system. Guidelines for achieving a high HR dynamic range, including a system components description, are given and a comparison with other HR systems is performed. System integration with a commercial maritime X-band navigation radar is shown to demonstrate a solution for rapid search and rescue response and quick localization.

show abstract

“…Jin et al [9] studied the impact of contact pressure on passive intermodulation (PIM) and concluded that a decrease in contact pressure will lead to an increase in third‐order intermodulation effects. An equivalent model was also developed to predict the third‐order and fifth‐order PIM for un‐degraded and degraded contact surfaces [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%