The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare associated infections: A teaching hospital experience

Obeidat, Haneen; Elnasser, Ziad; Amarin, Zouhair; Qablan, Almutazballah; Gharaibeh, Faris

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000033488

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“… Type and Number of Patients Germs’ Resistance Main Antibiotic Resistance Reference 340 outpatients/inpatients E. coli , Klebsiella , S. aureus (MSSA) , S. aureus (MRSA) , P. aeruginosa., and Enterobacter species Cotrimoxazole, piperacillin, ceftazidime, and cefepime [ 38 ] 102 ICU patients A. baumannii , K. pneumoniae , and S. maltophilia Carbapenem and methicillin [ 39 ] 190 ICU patients K. pneumoniae , A. baumannii , S. maltophilia , C. albicans , and Pseudomonas spp. Carbapenem [ 40 ] 750 ICU patients A. baumannii , and K. pneumonia MDR, carbapenem [ 41 ] 611 ICU patients Acinetobacter spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Antimicrobial Resistance

Boccabella,

Palma,

Abenavoli

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Background and aim: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a chronic issue of our Westernized society, mainly because of the uncontrolled and improper use of antimicrobials. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered and expanded AMR diffusion all over the world, and its clinical and therapeutic features have changed. Thus, we aimed to review evidence from the literature on the definition and causative agents of AMR in the frame of the COVID-19 post-pandemic era. Methods: We conducted a search on PubMed and Medline for original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, and case series using the following keywords, their acronyms, and their associations: antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), COVID-19 pandemic, personal protective equipment. Results: AMR had a significant rise in incidence both in in-hospital and outpatient populations (ranging from 5 up to 50%) worldwide, but with a variegated profile according to the germ and microorganism considered. Not only bacteria but also fungi have developed more frequent and diffuse AMR. These findings are explained by the increased use and misuse of antibiotics and preventive measures during the first waves of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, especially in hospitalized patients. Subsequently, the reduction in and end of the lockdown and the use of personal protective equipment have allowed for the indiscriminate circulation of resistant microorganisms from low-income countries to the rest of the world with the emergence of new multi- and polyresistant organisms. However, there is not a clear association between COVID-19 and AMR changes in the post-pandemic period. Conclusions: AMR in some microorganisms has significantly increased and changed its characteristics during and after the end of the pandemic phase of COVID-19. An integrated supranational monitoring approach to this challenge is warranted in the years to come. In detail, a rational, personalized, and regulated use of antibiotics and antimicrobials is needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Antimicrobial Resistance

Boccabella,

Palma,

Abenavoli

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Mortality in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients with contemporaneous bacterial and fungal infections

Hanna,

Most,

Cooper

et al. 2024

ASHE

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Background: The interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and contemporaneous bacterial or fungal culture growth may have crucial implications for clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients. This study aimed to quantify the effect of microbiological culture positivity on mortality among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included adult hospitalized patients from OPTUM COVID-19 specific data set, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 within 14 days of hospitalization between 01/20/2020 and 01/20/2022. We examined outcomes of individuals with organisms growing on cultures from the bloodstream infections (BSIs), urinary tract, and respiratory tract, and a composite of the three sites. We used propensity score matching on covariates included demographics, comorbidities, and hospitalization clinical parameters. In a sensitivity analysis, we included same covariates but excluded critical care variables such as length of stay, intensive care unit stays, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Results: The cohort included 104,560 SARS-CoV-2 positive adult hospitalized patients across the United States. The unadjusted mortality odds increased significantly with BSIs (98.7%) and with growth on respiratory cultures (RC) (176.6%), but not with growth on urinary cultures (UC). Adjusted analyses showed that BSIs and positive RC independently contribute to mortality, even after accounting for critical care variables. Conclusions: In SARS-CoV-2-positive hospitalized patients, positive bacterial and fungal microbiological cultures, especially BSIs and RC, are associated with an increased risk of mortality even after accounting for critical care variables associated with disease severity. These findings underscore the importance of stringent infection control and the effective management of secondary infections to improve patient outcomes.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Hydralazine Against Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus Aureus

Stefany Aires do Nascimento,

do Amaral Valente Sá,

de Andrade Neto

et al. 2024

Future Microbiol.

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen responsible for high mortality rates. The development of new antimicrobials is urgent. Materials & methods: The authors evaluated the activity of hydralazine along with its synergism with other drugs and action on biofilms. With regard to action mechanisms, the authors evaluated cell viability, DNA damage and molecular docking. Results: MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration values ranged from 128 to 2048 μg/ml. There was synergism with oxacillin (50%) and vancomycin (25%). Hydralazine reduced the viability of biofilms by 50%. After exposure to hydralazine 2× MIC, 58.78% of the cells were unviable, 62.07% were TUNEL positive and 27.03% presented damage in the comet assay (p < 0.05). Hydralazine showed affinity for DNA gyrase and TyrRS. Conclusion: Hydralazine is a potential antibacterial.

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The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare associated infections: A teaching hospital experience

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Antimicrobial Resistance

Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Antimicrobial Resistance

Mortality in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients with contemporaneous bacterial and fungal infections

Antimicrobial Activity of Hydralazine Against Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus Aureus

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