The impact of display angles on the legibility of Sans-Serif 5 × 5 capitalized letters

Cai, Hongyi; Fu, Pingqing

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2013.11.004

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Legibility is one of the most commonly used ergonomic criteria for displays . The 10 critical factors determining legibility are ambient luminance, illumination, contrast, color combinations, font, text size, letter size, visual crowding, and positional angle, and display . Many studies have been conducted on legibility equations.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22][23][24][25] The 10 critical factors determining legibility are ambient luminance, illumination, contrast, color combinations, font, text size, letter size, visual crowding, and positional angle, and display. 26 Many studies have been conducted on legibility equations. Reinwald's equation, given by Equation 1, predicts the legibility distance D by using either the horizontal angle ∅ or vertical angle α 27,28 :…”

Section: Studies Related To Legibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This equation addresses three issues that are not tackled in previous studies, [31][32][33] including extremely large viewing angles in the range of 82.8°to 90.0°, multiple letters (a single letter E was previously used), and the interference of people's normal reading habit with legibility evaluation. 26 The variables in Equation 3 are as follows: D = viewing distance to the display viewed at any angle, H = normal text height, S w = stroke width, S d = denominator of an observer's Snellen acuity, L b = background luminance, C % = luminance contrast percent, and ξ = incident angle between the display normal and an observer's sightline.…”

Section: Studies Related To Legibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new legibility equation, given by Equation , that quantifies the impact of display angles in the range of 0.0° to 90.0° on the legibility of Sans‐Serif 5 × 5 (ie, framed tangentially by a square, 5 units high and 5 units wide) capitalized letters C, D, E, F, H, K, N, P, R, U, V, and Z is commonly used for acuity tests. This equation addresses three issues that are not tackled in previous studies, including extremely large viewing angles in the range of 82.8° to 90.0°, multiple letters (a single letter E was previously used), and the interference of people's normal reading habit with legibility evaluation

D = ({, \begin{matrix} 2443.5 H {(\frac{H}{S_{w}})}^{- 1} S_{d}^{- 1} L_{b}^{0.213} C_{%}^{0.532} {(cos ξ)}^{0.5} 0^{°} \leq ξ \leq {65.7}^{°} \\ 2443.5 H {(\frac{H}{S_{w}})}^{- 1} S_{d}^{- 1} L_{b}^{0.213} C_{%}^{0.532} {(cos ξ)}^{0.5} {(0.024 ξ - 0.577)}^{- 1} {65.7}^{°} < ξ \leq {82.8}^{°} \end{matrix})

…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of curved computer displays on visual performance, visual fatigue, and emotional image quality

Lim

Yan

2019

J Soc Info Display

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This study investigated the effects of the curvature of curved computer displays on the visual performance, fatigue, and emotional image quality experienced by users during the performance of visual tasks. The characteristics of curved displays were compared and analyzed for different curvatures to investigate whether the curved displays showed improvements in terms of convenience of use when compared with flat displays. The visual performance results for the evaluated displays can be classified into three groups according to their response times, as (2000R = 2500R) > (3000R) > (3800R = 4500R = Flat). The visual fatigue results for average pupil size during a search task was 3.468 mm for flat and 3.355 mm for 2000R. This means that a 2000R curved display was found to be easier to use and thus generated less visual fatigue than a flat display when performing the same visual search task. Further, the results indicated that visual performance improved and visual fatigue decreased significantly as curvature increased. In this study, a curvature limit of 1700R was derived, when considering the image distortion of a 34‐in 21:9 curved display, and there was found to be no difference in the emotional image quality at curvatures greater than 2000R.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies Related To Legibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies Related To Legibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

D = ({, \begin{matrix} 2443.5 H {(\frac{H}{S_{w}})}^{- 1} S_{d}^{- 1} L_{b}^{0.213} C_{%}^{0.532} {(cos ξ)}^{0.5} 0^{°} \leq ξ \leq {65.7}^{°} \\ 2443.5 H {(\frac{H}{S_{w}})}^{- 1} S_{d}^{- 1} L_{b}^{0.213} C_{%}^{0.532} {(cos ξ)}^{0.5} {(0.024 ξ - 0.577)}^{- 1} {65.7}^{°} < ξ \leq {82.8}^{°} \end{matrix})

…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of curved computer displays on visual performance, visual fatigue, and emotional image quality

Lim

Yan

2019

J Soc Info Display

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“…Viewing distance is generally determined by display size and image quality. When the viewing angle increases, the visual stimuli on the display become distorted [35]. Although presence increases as viewing distance decreases, it can suffer at excessively short viewing distances [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curved TVs improved watching experience when display curvature radii approached viewing distances: Effects of display curvature radius, viewing distance, and lateral viewing position on TV watching experience

Park

Kyung

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Although watching TV often involves multiple viewing distances and viewers, less attention has been paid to the effects of display curvature radius, viewing distance, and lateral viewing position on TV watching experience. This study examined the effects of four display curvature radii (2300R, 4000R, 6000R, and flat), two viewing distances (2.3 m and 4 m), and five lateral viewing positions (P 1-P 5 ; 0, 35, 70, 105, and 140 cm off-center) on seven TV watching experience elements (spatial presence, engagement, ecological validity, negative effects, visual comfort, image quality, and user satisfaction). Fifty-six individuals (14 per display curvature radius) were seated in pairs to watch videos, each time at a different viewing position (2 viewing distances × 5 paired lateral viewing positions). The spatial presence and engagement increased when display curvature radius approached a viewing distance and lateral viewing position approached P 1 , with 4000R-4m-P 1 (display curvature radius-viewing distance-lateral viewing position) providing the best results. Lateral viewing position alone significantly affected five TV watching experience elements; the spatial presence and engagement decreased at P 3-P 5 , and ecological validity, image quality, and user satisfaction decreased at P 4-P 5. However, display curvature radius alone did not appreciably affect TV watching experience, and viewing distance alone significantly affected visual comfort only, with a 4-m viewing distance increasing visual comfort. This study demonstrated that effective display curvature radii for watching TV are viewing distance-dependent, and less off-center lateral viewing positions (P 1-P 2) are recommended for TV watching experience. Finally, among the TV watching experience elements, engagement explained user satisfaction to the greatest degree.

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The Application of Taguchi Method in Evaluating 3D Image Quality

Lin

Hsu

2018

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

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The impact of display angles on the legibility of Sans-Serif 5 × 5 capitalized letters

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of curved computer displays on visual performance, visual fatigue, and emotional image quality

Effects of curved computer displays on visual performance, visual fatigue, and emotional image quality

Curved TVs improved watching experience when display curvature radii approached viewing distances: Effects of display curvature radius, viewing distance, and lateral viewing position on TV watching experience

The Application of Taguchi Method in Evaluating 3D Image Quality

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