The impact of government price discrimination and its equivalence with the tariff

Government Procurement: Market Access, Transparency, and Multilateral Trade Rules

“…8 In addition to the seminal analyses of Baldwin (1970) and Baldwin and Richardson (1972), relevant contributions that have assumed competitive markets include Lowinger (1976), Herander and Schwartz (1982), Joson (1985), and Kim (1994). Miyagiwa (1991), Branco (1994Branco ( , 1999, Laffont and Tirole (1993), and Trionfetti (2000) extend the analysis to consider imperfect competition.…”

Are Discriminatory Procurement Policies Motivated by Protectionism?

“…This formulation, borrowed from Baldwin(1984), implies that the government will pay for a homogeneous good a price which is higher than the price paid by private buyers, albeit, contrary toHerander (1982). not from the same sellers.…”

Government procurement: market access, transparency, and multilateral trade rules

“…Free trade ensures that domestic consumers and the domestic governments pay the world price, P W =P C =P G . Note that, in this figure, at the initial equilibrium price P W , domestic industry output is greater than the government's purchases but is less than the total domestic 11 See also Herander and Schwartz (1982) and Deardorff and Stern (1998). 12 Recall that throughout this paper, statements about the effects of procurement discrimination on long-run prices refer only to a comparison of one long-run equilibrium with another long-run equilibrium-and should not be taken as statements about the path taken by prices between those equilibria.…”

“…7 Having said that, it is not difficult to conceive of models where a government buyer with market power could purchase goods at prices below those in a perfectly competitive market and distort the allocation of resources. 8 In addition to the seminal analyses of Baldwin (1970) and Baldwin and Richardson (1972), relevant contributions that have assumed competitive markets include Lowinger (1976), Herander and Schwartz (1982), Joson (1985), and Kim (1994). Miyagiwa (1991), Branco (1994Branco ( , 1999, Laffont and Tirole (1993), and Trionfetti (2000) extend the analysis to consider imperfect competition.…”