The Impact of Graphene Oxide on Polycaprolactone PCL Surfaces: Antimicrobial Activity and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell

Ferroni, Letizia; Gardin, Chiara; Rigoni, Federica; Balliana, Eleonora; Zanotti, Federica; Scatto, Marco; Riello, Pietro; Zavan, Barbara

doi:10.3390/coatings12060799

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, after 7 days of incubation, a slight proliferation was detected for the PCL-based composite filled with GO, whereas the composite filled with grafted with oligo(Glu) showed a more pronounced effect. Similar results on the proliferation of the hMSCs or MG-63 cells adhered to the surface of GO-containing PCL- or PLA-based composites over unfilled PCL were also reported in a number of studies [ 58 , 59 , 60 ]. Moreover, Scaffaro et al observed a higher number of cells over time when comparing PCL composites filled with neat GO and covalently PEGylated GO [ 61 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Composites Based on Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Graphene Oxide Modified with Oligo/Poly(Glutamic Acid) as Biomaterials with Osteoconductive Properties

et al. 2023

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The development of new biodegradable biomaterials with osteoconductive properties for bone tissue regeneration is one of the urgent tasks of modern medicine. In this study, we proposed the pathway for graphene oxide (GO) modification with oligo/poly(glutamic acid) (oligo/poly(Glu)) possessing osteoconductive properties. The modification was confirmed by a number of methods such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, quantitative amino acid HPLC analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering. Modified GO was used as a filler for poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) in the fabrication of composite films. The mechanical properties of the biocomposites were compared with those obtained for the PCL/GO composites. An 18–27% increase in elastic modulus was found for all composites containing modified GO. No significant cytotoxicity of the GO and its derivatives in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) was revealed. Moreover, the developed composites stimulated the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) adhered to the surface of the films in comparison with unfilled PCL material. The osteoconductive properties of the PCL-based composites filled with GO modified with oligo/poly(Glu) were confirmed via alkaline phosphatase assay as well as calcein and alizarin red S staining after osteogenic differentiation of hMSC in vitro.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Composites Based on Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Graphene Oxide Modified with Oligo/Poly(Glutamic Acid) as Biomaterials with Osteoconductive Properties

et al. 2023

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“…The study presented by Letizia Ferroni et al [ 61 ] investigated the creation and evaluation of rGO-PCL (reduced graphene oxide-polycaprolactone) composites for possible use in bone tissue engineering. Evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of the composites against various bacterial strains revealed that they had a bacteriostatic effect on Gram-positive bacteria, particularly the 5% rGO-PCL composite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ALP activity and mineral matrix deposition were found to be maximal on the surface of 5% rGO-PCL, indicating better osteogenic differentiation capacity, and the expression of osteogenic markers such as OPN, OCN, RUNX2, and osterix (OSX) was found to be high on the surface of 5% rGO-PCL, indicating excellent osteoblastic proliferation. Certainly, therefore, the 5% rGO-PCL composite has proven to be a viable option for creating improved biomaterials for bone regeneration due to its demonstrated biocompatibility, bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive bacteria, and ability to enhance osteogenic differentiation [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Graphene Oxide in Oral Surgery: A Systematic Review

Inchingolo,

Latini

et al. 2023

Materials

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The current review aims to provide an overview of the most recent research in the last 10 years on the potentials of graphene in the dental surgery field, focusing on the potential of graphene oxide (GO) applied to implant surfaces and prosthetic abutment surfaces, as well as to the membranes and scaffolds used in Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) procedures. “Graphene oxide” and “dental surgery” and “dentistry” were the search terms utilized on the databases Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed, with the Boolean operator “AND” and “OR”. Reviewers worked in pairs to select studies based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. They included animal studies, clinical studies, or case reports, and in vitro and in vivo studies. However, they excluded systematic reviews, narrative reviews, and meta-analyses. Results: Of these 293 studies, 19 publications were included in this review. The field of graphene-based engineered nanomaterials in dentistry is expanding. Aside from its superior mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability, graphene and its derivatives may be functionalized with a variety of bioactive compounds, allowing them to be introduced into and improved upon various scaffolds used in regenerative dentistry. This review presents state-of-the-art graphene-based dental surgery applications. Even if further studies and investigations are still needed, the GO coating could improve clinical results in the examined dental surgery fields. Better osseointegration, as well as increased antibacterial and cytocompatible qualities, can benefit GO-coated implant surgery. On bacterially contaminated implant abutment surfaces, the CO coating may provide the optimum prospects for soft tissue sealing to occur. GBR proves to be a safe and stable material, improving both bone regeneration when using GO-enhanced graft materials as well as biocompatibility and mechanical properties of GO-incorporated membranes.

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“…So far, the temporal control of graphene properties has been proposed in in vitro applications for diagnostic purpose, 31,32 to control mechanical properties of scaffolds 33 or to control cell or drug release [34][35][36] rather than modulating cell attachment and biofouling on scaffolds. Composites of graphene derivatives and PCL have also been studied; however, frequently, GO has been reduced to rGO to allow for proper mixing with PCL 37 since GO is poorly soluble in organic solvents compared to rGO and might result in non-uniform composites. 38,39 In our work, the presence of alkylamine groups is used not only to enhance the dispersibility of GO in organic solvents but also to control surface hydrophobicity during contact with biological fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional scaffolds for biomedical applications: Crafting versatile solutions with polycaprolactone enriched by graphene oxide

Friggeri,

Moretti,

Amato

et al. 2024

APL Bioengineering

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The pressing need for multifunctional materials in medical settings encompasses a wide array of scenarios, necessitating specific tissue functionalities. A critical challenge is the occurrence of biofouling, particularly by contamination in surgical environments, a common cause of scaffolds impairment. Beyond the imperative to avoid infections, it is also essential to integrate scaffolds with living cells to allow for tissue regeneration, mediated by cell attachment. Here, we focus on the development of a versatile material for medical applications, driven by the diverse time-definite events after scaffold implantation. We investigate the potential of incorporating graphene oxide (GO) into polycaprolactone (PCL) and create a composite for 3D printing a scaffold with time-controlled antibacterial and anti-adhesive growth properties. Indeed, the as-produced PCL-GO scaffold displays a local hydrophobic effect, which is translated into a limitation of biological entities-attachment, including a diminished adhesion of bacteriophages and a reduction of E. coli and S. aureus adhesion of ∼81% and ∼69%, respectively. Moreover, the ability to 3D print PCL-GO scaffolds with different heights enables control over cell distribution and attachment, a feature that can be also exploited for cellular confinement, i.e., for microfluidics or wound healing applications. With time, the surface wettability increases, and the scaffold can be populated by cells. Finally, the presence of GO allows for the use of infrared light for the sterilization of scaffolds and the disruption of any bacteria cell that might adhere to the more hydrophilic surface. Overall, our results showcase the potential of PCL-GO as a versatile material for medical applications.

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The Impact of Graphene Oxide on Polycaprolactone PCL Surfaces: Antimicrobial Activity and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Composites Based on Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Graphene Oxide Modified with Oligo/Poly(Glutamic Acid) as Biomaterials with Osteoconductive Properties

Composites Based on Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Graphene Oxide Modified with Oligo/Poly(Glutamic Acid) as Biomaterials with Osteoconductive Properties

Application of Graphene Oxide in Oral Surgery: A Systematic Review

Multifunctional scaffolds for biomedical applications: Crafting versatile solutions with polycaprolactone enriched by graphene oxide

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