2013
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10072995
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The Impact of Health Insurance Programs on Out-of-Pocket Expenditures in Indonesia: An Increase or a Decrease?

Abstract: We used panel data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey to investigate the impact of health insurance programs on reducing out-of-pocket expenditures. We employed three linear panel data models, two of which accounted for endogeneity: pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), pooled two-stage least squares (2SLS) for instrumental variable (IV), and fixed effects (FE). The study revealed that two health insurance programs had a significantly negative impact on out-of-pocket expenditures by using IV estimates. In t… Show more

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Cited by 64 publications
(59 citation statements)
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References 29 publications
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“…This shows insurance schemes are effective in reducing the financial burden of OOPE and the result was in line with many other studies. 14,17,27,28,29 The results do suggest that the socially disadvantaged groups benefited from the government-funded insurance schemes in terms of coverage and level of spending. However, it was also stated that poor and backward community people, in spite of their high health care needs, spent less on it due to their inability or inaccessibility to meet these health expenses.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 84%
“…This shows insurance schemes are effective in reducing the financial burden of OOPE and the result was in line with many other studies. 14,17,27,28,29 The results do suggest that the socially disadvantaged groups benefited from the government-funded insurance schemes in terms of coverage and level of spending. However, it was also stated that poor and backward community people, in spite of their high health care needs, spent less on it due to their inability or inaccessibility to meet these health expenses.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 84%
“…[10][11][12] Kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan dapat menurunkan risiko terjadinya pengeluaran katastrofik pada PSP. 23,24 Menghapus stigma yang melekat pada 'jaminan kesehatan' merupakan upaya yang penting dilakukan untuk meningkatkan cakupan JKN tidak hanya pada kelompok PSP, tetapi juga pada masyarakat umum.…”
Section: Kecukupan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasionalunclassified
“…During the last two decades, Indonesia implements a health payment restructuration by developing a social-health insurance. 6 The existence of this health insurance can provide a financial protection for the patients so they can get their treatment regularly.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%