The impact of hepatitis B vaccination in the United States, 1999–2018

He, Wenqiang; Guan, Guo; Li, Chenxi

doi:10.1002/hep.32265

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In general, a 70% to 94% effectiveness range has been reported, depending mainly on the follow-up time, the exposure risk rate (HBsAg prevalence of the population), and the studied cohort age[ 18 , 23 , 55 ]. A recent study showed an approximately 58% effectiveness in a birth cohort (mean age, 12 years) and 85% in participants at least 20-years-old[ 56 ]. The lower efficacy observed in the birth cohort could be a consequence of a lower level of exposure.…”

Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into induction of the immune response by the hepatitis B vaccine

Lello¹,

Martínez²,

Flichman³

2022

WJG

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After more than four decades of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine implementation, its safety and efficacy in preventing HBV infection have been proven and several milestones have been achieved. Most countries have included HBV immunization schedules in their health policies and progress has been made regarding universalization of the first HBV vaccine dose at birth. All of these actions have significantly contributed to reducing both the incidence of HBV infection and its related complications. However, there are still many drawbacks to overcome. The main concerns are the deficient coverage rate of the dose at birth and the large adult population that has not been reached timely by universal immunization. Additionally, the current most widely used second-generation vaccines do not induce protective immunity in 5% to 10% of the population, particularly in people over 40-years-old, obese (body mass index > 25 kg/m 2 ), heavy smokers, and patients undergoing dialysis or infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Recently developed and approved novel vaccine formulations using more potent adjuvants or multiple antigens have shown better performance, particularly in difficult settings. These advances re-launch the expectations of achieving the World Health Organization’s objective of completing hepatitis control by 2030.

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Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into induction of the immune response by the hepatitis B vaccine

Lello¹,

Martínez²,

Flichman³

2022

WJG

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“…Another 14 countries showed a consistent reduction of primary liver cancer mortality in the most recent 10 years from both WHO and GBD study, including Japan, Kazakhstan, Peru, Slovakia, South Africa. Most to these countries have high burden of HBV infections in the past, but because of the success of universal HBV vaccination programme as well as the introduction of HCV screening and administration of effective antiviral treatment for HBV and HCV 24–26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most to these countries have high burden of HBV infections in the past, but because of the success of universal HBV vaccination programme as well as the introduction of HCV screening and administration of effective antiviral treatment for HBV and HCV. [24][25][26] Of significance, opposite trends in five countries from South America, four countries in Europe and one country in Asia between the WHO and GBD data raised concerns of the actual patterns of liver cancer mortality from these countries. For seven of these ten countries, the estimates from WHO suggested a reduction of primary liver cancer mortality in the last 10 years while substantial increase was found from GBD in the same period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of primary liver cancer mortality estimates from World Health Organization, global burden disease and global cancer observatory

2022

Liver International

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Aims This study aims to compare estimates of primary liver cancer mortality from World Health Organization (WHO), Global Burden Disease (GBD) and Global Cancer Observatory (GCO). Methods Liver cancer mortality was extracted from WHO, GBD and GCO for 92 countries for the most recent year. Age‐standardized rate (ASR) was computed and used for current comparisons across the three data sources. Temporal trend for 75 countries was analysed and compared between WHO and GBD from 1990 to 2019 using joinpoint regression. Average annual percentage change for the most recent 10 years was used as indicator for change. Results The estimates of ASR were quite consistent across the three data sources, but most similar estimates were found between WHO and GCO in both region and country levels. The differences in ASR were negatively correlated with completeness of cause‐of‐death registration, human development index and proportion of liver cancer because of alcohol consumption. Consistent trends of ASR were found from 35 countries between WHO and GBD in the most recent 10 years. However, opposite trends were found from 10 countries with five from Southern America, four from Europe and one from Asia. Of the 18 countries for projection, opposite trends between WHO and GBD were found from seven countries. Conclusion While the ASR of primary liver cancer mortality was comparable across the three data sources, most similar estimates were found between WHO and GCO. The opposite trends found from 10 countries between WHO and GBD raised concerns of true patterns in these countries.

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“…Prevention of hepatitis-induced HCC occurs through prevention of exposure, inoculation with the hepatitis B vaccine (currently there is no hepatitis C vaccine), and/or treatment with targeted antiviral medications [ 5 ]. The expansion of vaccine inoculation in the United States, which was incorporated into the infant inoculation schedule in 1991, has greatly reduced the risk of hepatitis and cancer related mortality [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity Management in the Primary Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Zunica

Heintz

Axelrod

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary hepatic malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related death globally. HCC is associated with an indolent clinical presentation, resulting in frequent advanced stage diagnoses where surgical resection or transplant therapies are not an option and medical therapies are largely ineffective at improving survival. As such, there is a critical need to identify and enhance primary prevention strategies to mitigate HCC-related morbidity and mortality. Obesity is an independent risk factor for the onset and progression of HCC. Furthermore, obesity is a leading cause of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the fasting growing etiological factor of HCC. Herein, we review evolving clinical and mechanistic associations between obesity and hepatocarcinogenesis with an emphasis on the therapeutic efficacy of prevailing lifestyle/behavioral, medical, and surgical treatment strategies for weight reduction and NASH reversal.

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The impact of hepatitis B vaccination in the United States, 1999–2018

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Insights into induction of the immune response by the hepatitis B vaccine

Insights into induction of the immune response by the hepatitis B vaccine

Comparison of primary liver cancer mortality estimates from World Health Organization, global burden disease and global cancer observatory

Obesity Management in the Primary Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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