The impact of hydrodynamic shear force on adhesion morphology and biofilm conformation of Bacillus sp.

Overview on the hydrodynamic conditions found in industrial systems and its impact in (bio)fouling formation

“…According to several authors, biofouling development in industrial settings depends on the hydrodynamic conditions, which will determine the structure and behaviour of the bio-deposit [13,197,201]. The initial stage for biofouling is characterized by the deposition and adhesion of particles and microorganisms to surfaces.…”

“…The initial stage for biofouling is characterized by the deposition and adhesion of particles and microorganisms to surfaces. This stage is influenced by the hydrodynamic conditions, resulting in distinct distribution patterns from a single cell to clusters under low and high shear stress, respectively [13,173]. Adhesion is higher when increasing fluid velocity (high diffusion transport), until a value that promotes surface erosion, hindering biofouling development [202].…”

“…In particular, biofouling results from the adhesion of both micro and macroorganisms on surfaces. Typically, the initial stage is the bacterial adhesion, followed by the colonization by microalgae, diatoms and macroorganisms, like mussels, tubeworms and algae [13]. The production of a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by the colonizing organisms provides protection against external chemical and mechanical stresses, and confers distinct viscoelastic and cohesive properties, according to the external hydrodynamic conditions [14].…”

“…The production of a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by the colonizing organisms provides protection against external chemical and mechanical stresses, and confers distinct viscoelastic and cohesive properties, according to the external hydrodynamic conditions [14]. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic conditions can influence biofouling morphology and distribution, cell density and EPS matrix composition and abundance [13,[15][16][17][18][19]. These distinct biofouling properties seem to impact the behaviour (i.e.…”

Molecular characterization of lactic acid bacteria producing edible biofilm isolated from kimchi

“…The chemical composition of that matrix consists of proteins that include enzymes, DNA, RNA, polysaccharides, and water. Whereas, water is the major part of that biofilm (up to 97%) and responsible for nutrient flow inside the biofilm matrix (Nazir et al 2019).Various studies have shown that bacterial biofilms increase cell resistance which protects their cells from stressor conditions, such as extreme pH, salinity, drought and heavy metal (Bove et al 2012;Retnaningrum and Wilopo 2016;Pang and Yuk 2019;Chang et al 2020). The biofilms were also reported could reduce the pathogenic microorganisms.…”