The impact of incubating the throat culture for 72h on the diagnosis of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci

Koçoğlu, Esra; Karabay, Oğuz; Yılmaz, Fatma; Ekerbiçer, Hasan Çetin

doi:10.1016/j.anl.2005.11.011

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the current study, the frequency of the healthy pharynx carriers of GABHS was 11%; while Mohsenimoghaddam et al reported the same frequency as 1.8% in children in the city of Rafsanjan, Iran (14). Nabipoor and Tayarzadeh reported this frequency as 28.5% (15), which was higher than that of the study by Kocoglu et al (4%) (16). Perhaps the difference between the results of the current study and those of previous studies is attributed to different climatic conditions, the season in which the tests were performed, the geographical region, and the age of the carriers under studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococci with Macrolide Resistance Isolated from University Student Carriers in North of Iran

et al. 2019

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Background: The increase in the resistance of group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) to antibiotics is considered as a serious threat to human health. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the antimicrobial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on the growth of erythromycin-resistant GABHS harboring mef gene isolated from university student carriers. Methods: The study was conducted on 100 healthy students from Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch. Specimens were collected from the nasopharyngeal region using sterile swab. After biochemical tests to identify GABHS, resistance to various antibiotics was determined using agar disk diffusion test (the Kirby-Bauer method). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of erythromycin was also determined by broth micro-dilution test. The macrolide resistance gene (mefA) was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers, and the antibacterial properties of ZnONPs were evaluated by agar-well diffusion method. The data were analyzed by chi-square and ANOVA tests (P < 0.001). Results: In the current study, the frequency of GABHS carriers was reported 11%. The highest amount of bacterial resistance was correlated with erythromycin with the frequency of 45.4%. Also, 91% of the isolated streptococci were susceptible to cefazolin, followed by cefalexin (82%), penicillin (73%), and amoxicillin (46%). Besides, 43% of the erythromycin-resistant isolates had the MIC of ≥ 1 µg/mL. From the five isolates resistant to erythromycin, 60% harbored the mefA gene. The results of agar-well diffusion test showed that 40% of the strains, which were resistant to erythromycin and harbored mefA gene, were inactivated in the concentration of 50 mg/mL of ZnONPs, and the rest were also inactivated in the concentration of 100 mg/mL. Conclusions: The ZnONPs used in the current study had a high antimicrobial activity against all GABHS isolates that were resistant to erythromycin. It was revealed that the bactericidal property increased upon increasing the concentration of the nanoparticles.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococci with Macrolide Resistance Isolated from University Student Carriers in North of Iran

et al. 2019

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“…The major disadvantage of throat culture in clinical practice is the delay in obtaining the results (18–24 h or longer). Further, there is debate as to whether negative cultures should be re‐examined after an additional day to increase the sensitivity of the test (Tables 10 and 11 [48,49]). Most of the reviews and guidelines considered do not support throat culture as a necessary clinical instrument for routine diagnosis of group A streptococci (Tables 12 and 13; [37,49–53]).…”

Section: Laboratory Tests For Sore Throatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guideline for the management of acute sore throat

Pelucchi

Grigoryan

Galeone

et al. 2012

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

264

230

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Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 (Suppl. 1): 1–27 Abstract The European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases established the Sore Throat Guideline Group to write an updated guideline to diagnose and treat patients with acute sore throat. In diagnosis, Centor clinical scoring system or rapid antigen test can be helpful in targeting antibiotic use. The Centor scoring system can help to identify those patients who have higher likelihood of group A streptococcal infection. In patients with high likelihood of streptococcal infections (e.g. 3–4 Centor criteria) physicians can consider the use of rapid antigen test (RAT). If RAT is performed, throat culture is not necessary after a negative RAT for the diagnosis of group A streptococci. To treat sore throat, either ibuprofen or paracetamol are recommended for relief of acute sore throat symptoms. Zinc gluconate is not recommended to be used in sore throat. There is inconsistent evidence of herbal treatments and acupuncture as treatments for sore throat. Antibiotics should not be used in patients with less severe presentation of sore throat, e.g. 0–2 Centor criteria to relieve symptoms. Modest benefits of antibiotics, which have been observed in patients with 3–4 Centor criteria, have to be weighed against side effects, the effect of antibiotics on microbiota, increased antibacterial resistance, medicalisation and costs. The prevention of suppurative complications is not a specific indication for antibiotic therapy in sore throat. If antibiotics are indicated, penicillin V, twice or three times daily for 10 days is recommended. At the present, there is no evidence enough that indicates shorter treatment length.

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Distribution of emm types and macrolide resistance determinants among group A streptococci in the Middle East and North Africa region

Rafei

Hawli

Osman

et al. 2020

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance

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The impact of incubating the throat culture for 72h on the diagnosis of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococci with Macrolide Resistance Isolated from University Student Carriers in North of Iran

Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococci with Macrolide Resistance Isolated from University Student Carriers in North of Iran

Guideline for the management of acute sore throat

Distribution of emm types and macrolide resistance determinants among group A streptococci in the Middle East and North Africa region

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