The Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neurotrophin 3, and Rat Behavior in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Elesawy, Basem H.; Raafat, Bassem M.; Muqbali, Aya Al; Abbas, Amr M.; Sakr, Hussein F.

doi:10.3390/brainsci11020242

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Several authors suggest different mechanisms underlying IFand CR-induced AHN. Both paradigms have been related to an overall increment of the expression of neurotrophins (Elesawy et al, 2021), such as neurotrophin-3 (Park et al, 2008(Park et al, , 2013Pani, 2015), ciliary neurotrophic factor (Park et al, 2008) and BDNF (Park et al, 2008;Treccani et al, 2014;van Praag et al, 2014;Kaptan et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2015;Morgan et al, 2017;Li et al, 2020;Brocchi et al, 2022;Setel et al, 2022) especially in newly generated neurons of the dentate gyrus (Lee et al, 2002;Elesawy et al, 2021). Caloric restricted animals displayed increased expression of genes of neuronal protection and differentiation, such as NeuroD1 (Brandhorst et al, 2015;Li et al, 2020), Notch (Baik et al, 2020), Klotho (Dias et al, 2021), Egr1 (Hornsby et al, 2016).…”

Section: Caloric Restriction and Intermittent Fastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus: Does what you eat help you remember?

et al. 2023

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Neurogenesis is a complex process by which neural progenitor cells (NPCs)/neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate and differentiate into new neurons and other brain cells. In adulthood, the hippocampus is one of the areas with more neurogenesis activity, which is involved in the modulation of both emotional and cognitive hippocampal functions. This complex process is affected by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including nutrition. In this regard, preclinical studies performed in rats and mice demonstrate that high fats and/or sugars diets have a negative effect on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). In contrast, diets enriched with bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, as well as intermittent fasting or caloric restriction, can induce AHN. Interestingly, there is also growing evidence demonstrating that offspring AHN can be affected by maternal nutrition in the perinatal period. Therefore, nutritional interventions from early stages and throughout life are a promising perspective to alleviate neurodegenerative diseases by stimulating neurogenesis. The underlying mechanisms by which nutrients and dietary factors affect AHN are still being studied. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that additional peripheral mediators may be involved. In this sense, the microbiota-gut-brain axis mediates bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain and could act as a link between nutritional factors and AHN. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize, the most recent findings related to the influence of nutrition and diet in the modulation of AHN. The importance of maternal nutrition in the AHN of the offspring and the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the nutrition-neurogenesis relationship have also been included.

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Section: Caloric Restriction and Intermittent Fastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus: Does what you eat help you remember?

et al. 2023

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“…Similar to OF testing results, the NOR testing results showed that IF had no negative impact on recognition memory which is an indirect measure of cognition. While many studies have reported improved cognition with IF regimens, these studies utilized longer duration of IF [30,48,49]. A study by Elesawy et al (2021) saw improvements in cognition via elevated plus maze testing after 12 weeks of IF (16-hour daily fast).…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While many studies have reported improved cognition with IF regimens, these studies utilized longer duration of IF [30,48,49]. A study by Elesawy et al (2021) saw improvements in cognition via elevated plus maze testing after 12 weeks of IF (16-hour daily fast). It was reported that IF rats had an increase in BDNF and neurotrophin-3, which they contributed as the factors improving cognition [49].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study by Elesawy et al (2021) saw improvements in cognition via elevated plus maze testing after 12 weeks of IF (16-hour daily fast). It was reported that IF rats had an increase in BDNF and neurotrophin-3, which they contributed as the factors improving cognition [49]. A study by Anson et al (2003) utilized an alternate day fasting model in C57BL/6 male mice over a period of 20 weeks and measured IGF-1 signaling as evidence of neuroprotective qualities.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Intermittent fasting and mental and physical fatigue in obese and non-obese rats

Niepoetter

Butts-Wilmsmeyer²,

Gopalan³

2022

PLoS ONE

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Intermittent fasting (IF) is an alternating pattern of restricting eating. This study evaluated mental and physical fatigue secondary to IF (daily 18-hour fast, 7-days-a-week) in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced male obese Sprague Dawley rats. Fifty-four rats were randomly assigned to a HFD (n = 28) or a standard diet (SD; n = 26). After six weeks, the HFD rats were divided into one of four groups: obese HFD ad libitum (OB-HFD-AL), obese HFD-IF (OB-HFD-IF), obese SD-AL (OB-SD-AL), and obese SD-IF (OB-SD-IF). Similarly, non-obese controls were grouped into HFD-AL (C-HFD-AL), non-obese HFD-IF (C-HFD-IF), non-obese SD-AL (C-SD-AL), and non-obese SD-IF (C-SD-IF). After 2 weeks of IF, mental and physical fatigue were measured using open field (OF) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. Rats on IF gained weight at a slower pace (p<0.05) and had lower glucose levels (p<0.01) compared to the AL group. In non-obese rats, ketone levels were higher in the IF-HFD group than IF-SD (p<0.05) and AL-SD (p<0.01) animals. Obese rats exhibited elevated blood ketone levels in IF-SD conditions versus AL-SD rats (p<0.01). AL-HFD rats had higher ketone levels than AL-SD animals in both obese and non-obese groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, rats with higher blood ketone levels, whether they were on IF or AL, traveled a greater distance during OF suggesting a lack of physical fatigue. There was no significant difference between IF and AL during NOR indicating a lack of mental fatigue. Thus, IF results in reduced body weight and blood glucose levels but does not induce physical or mental fatigue.

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“…Food restriction (FR) is defined as a reduction in food intake while maintaining minimal nutritional levels. In humans with T2DM (Albosta & Bakke, 2021) and animal models, it has already shown improvements in pancreatic beta‐cell activity, blood glucose control, and other parameters (Alejandra et al, 2018; Elesawy et al, 2021). Some of the various approaches utilized to create FR is intermittent fasting (IF) (Kunduraci & Ozbek, 2020) and starvation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent fasting and exercise therapy abates STZ‐induced diabetotoxicity in rats through modulation of adipocytokines hormone, oxidative glucose metabolic, and glycolytic pathway

Chijiokwu

Nwangwa

Oyovwi

et al. 2022

Physiological Reports

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Diabetes is a global, costly, and growing public health issue. Intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise therapy have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity (IS) in large studies, although the underlying processes are still unknown. The goal of this study, which included both nondiabetic and diabetic rats, was to look at the mechanisms of intermittent fasting and exercise in the management of diabetotoxicity. The effects of starvation and honey on the oral glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, adipocytokines, oxidative glucose metabolic enzymes, glycolytic enzymes, food intake, and body weight in rats with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes were also investigated. In the nondiabetic phase, rats were administered an oral regimen of distilled water (0.5 ml/rat), honey (1 g/kg body weight), and interventions with IF, and starvation for 4 weeks while in the diabetic phase, after STZ or citrate buffer injections, interventions with IF, exercise, starvation, and honey treatment began for 4 weeks. At all OGTT and ITT points, there was a substantial rise in glucose in the STZ group. Adipocytokines hormone, oxidative glucose metabolic enzymes, glycolytic enzymes, and body weight were all affected by STZ when compared to starvation and honey, however, IF and exercise significantly reduced these alterations. In diabetic rats, intermittent fasting and exercise enhanced serum adipocytokines levels. These findings imply that adipokines modulate glycolytic/nonmitochondrial enzymes and glucose metabolic/mitochondrial dehydrogenase to mediate the antidiabetic effects of intermittent fasting and exercise.

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The Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neurotrophin 3, and Rat Behavior in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 23 publications

References 71 publications

Nutrition and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus: Does what you eat help you remember?

Nutrition and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus: Does what you eat help you remember?

Intermittent fasting and mental and physical fatigue in obese and non-obese rats

Intermittent fasting and exercise therapy abates STZ‐induced diabetotoxicity in rats through modulation of adipocytokines hormone, oxidative glucose metabolic, and glycolytic pathway

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