The Impact of Malaria Control Interventions on Malaria and Anaemia in Children under Five after Ten Years of Implementation in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana

Kweku, Margaret; Appiah, Eric Kwaku; Enuameh, Yeetey; Adjuik, Martin; Takramah, Wisdom; Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang; Gyapong, John

doi:10.4236/aid.2017.73010

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with those of other studies demonstrating that children with malaria are more likely to be anaemic compared to their counterparts without Plasmodium parasites [30, 31]. Indeed, other investigations have identifyed malaria as a leading cause of anaemia in children in sub-Saharan African countries [32, 33]. Malaria parasites cause haemolysis of erythrocytes and bone marrow dyserythropoiesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Livestock ownership, household food security and childhood anaemia in rural Ghana

et al. 2019

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The mechanisms through which livestock ownership is associated with childhood anaemia are contested. Using a cross-sectional, community-based survey of 300 households in southern Ghana, we determined the associations of household livestock ownership with anaemia among children aged 2–5 years. Potential mediating effects of animal-source food (ASF) consumption, microbial infections, and household food security were investigated. Data on each child's anaemia, malaria, and intestinal infections were collected for a subset of 221 households. Anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin (Hb) concentration <110 g/L. ASF consumption was measured as a count of the number of different ASF types consumed by each child in the week prior to the interview. Household food security was measured with a 15-item, pre-tested tool adapted from the USDA Household Food Security Core Module. The number of sheep and goats in aggregate was associated with higher odds of a child being anaemic (aOR (95% CI) = 1.10 (1.03, 1.17)). Households owning more free-range poultry had greater diversity of consumed ASFs among children (Coef. (95% C) = 0.02 (0.01, 0.03)). Owning more pigs was associated with higher odds that a household was food secure (1.05 (0.99, 1.12). We found no evidence that the child's ASF consumption mediated the association of livestock ownership with child anaemia, however,household food security mediated the association between household pig ownership and child anaemia. Overall, household ownership of livestock was associated with higher ASF consumption among children and improved household-level food security, yet also a higher odd of anaemia among those young children. The mechanisms leading to these seemingly counterintuitive relationships require further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Livestock ownership, household food security and childhood anaemia in rural Ghana

et al. 2019

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“…In this study, the proportion of mothers/caregivers who viewed the waiting time at the OPD as "too much" was significantly lower in the intervention arm than in the comparator arm (46.0 vs. 60.6%; p < 0.001). The current study confirms the dissatisfaction of mothers/caregivers of children aged 6 to 59 months with the long waiting time in the health facility as a result of seeing the clinician before requesting for the test, as practiced in the comparator arm [14]. In a similar study at the OPD of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in Nigeria, the association between the level of satisfaction and overall time spent at the health facility was statistically significant (p > 0.001) [24].…”

Section: 6supporting

confidence: 78%

“…RDTs are central to efforts towards decreasing malaria over diagnosis, the consequent overuse of valuable anti-malarial drugs and under-diagnosis of alternative causes of fever [13]. The practice of testing for malaria in Ghana is usually carried out after consulting with the clinician (postconsultation testing) which helps to reduce presumptive treatment; the challenge is that it tends to increase the time patients spend at a health facility, as they first wait in queue at an outpatients department (OPD), consult with the clinician, proceed to the laboratory for testing and finally return with the test results to the clinician for treatment [14]. In spite of this, RDTs still reduce the time spent at the OPD compared to microscopy and also results in a significant reduction in overprescription of anti-malarial drugs [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pre-consultation testing on clinicians’ adherence to malaria test results and waiting time among children under 5 years in the Northern Zone of Volta Region of Ghana

Gmanyami

Ameko

Ahiafe

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background: The Ministry of Health, Ghana, in accordance with global policy, recommends that all suspected malaria cases be confirmed parasitologically before treatment. Not all clinicians, however, base their treatment on test results. Patients also spend a lot of time at health facilities waiting to consult a clinician before being asked to go for testing and to see a clinician with test results. The purpose of the study was to determine if testing all children aged 6 to 59 months with fever reporting at an outpatients department (OPD) for malaria before consultation with a clinician (pre-consultation testing) will influence clinicians to adhere to test results and also reduce the time spent by such patients. Methods:A quasi-experimental study design was used involving two randomly selected government-owned hospitals in the Northern Volta, Ghana. In each hospital, 439 children were recruited between November 2018 and January 2019. The intervention hospital implemented pre-consultation testing. In the comparator arm, standard practices, which involved patients seeing the clinician before he/she decides whether to send the patient for testing or not, were maintained. Results:Out of 878 children screened the overall prevalence of malaria was 31.9% by malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and 26.7% by microscopy. Clinicians in the intervention arm adhered more to the malaria test results than those in the comparator arm (93.2 vs. 84.3%; p < 0.001). The proportion of children who tested negative but were still diagnosed with malaria was significantly lower in the intervention arm compared to the comparator arm (8.4 vs. 21.2%

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“…Briefly, the Hohoe Municipality has a population of about 114,472 out of which 52.6% are urban settlers. The municipality is in a medium transmission zone with a reported malaria prevalence of 7.7% (Kweku et al, 2017). More than 57% of the rural settlers engage in agriculture.…”

Section: Population and Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serology reveals micro-differences in Plasmodium falciparum transmission in the Hohoe municipality of Ghana

Kyei-Baafour

Kusi²,

Oppong³

et al. 2023

Front. Parasitol.

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BackgroundWith the decline in malaria transmission due to global efforts, a more sensitive tool is needed to monitor transmission intensity and pattern at the micro-level. Though transmission in a broader area may be similar, factors such as sanitation, practices of open water storage, early morning and evening activities, outdoor sleeping and agricultural practices within communities could cause differences in exposure and thus transmission. This study thus probed malaria transmission at a micro-level using serology in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 327 asymptomatic children aged 1-12 years in both rural (196) and urban (131) communities in the Hohoe municipality. Total IgG responses specific for three P. falciparum antigens (CSP, MSP2-FC27, MSP2-3D7) were determined in plasma eluted from dried blood spots using indirect ELISA.ResultsA higher proportion of individuals in the rural area had parasites by both microscopy and PCR. Total IgG levels and seroprevalence were higher in rural compared to urban communities (p<0.05). In a multiple regression model, adjusting for confounders, levels of PfMSP2-3D7-specific IgG was associated with the higher transmission which occurs in the rural community.ConclusionThe results suggest that though the district is categorized as having medium malaria transmission, differences within settlements may influence malaria transmission reflecting in antibody levels and prevalence of malaria antigen-specific IgG.

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The Impact of Malaria Control Interventions on Malaria and Anaemia in Children under Five after Ten Years of Implementation in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Livestock ownership, household food security and childhood anaemia in rural Ghana

Livestock ownership, household food security and childhood anaemia in rural Ghana

Effect of pre-consultation testing on clinicians’ adherence to malaria test results and waiting time among children under 5 years in the Northern Zone of Volta Region of Ghana

Serology reveals micro-differences in Plasmodium falciparum transmission in the Hohoe municipality of Ghana

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