The impact of metabolic syndrome on metabolic, pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic markers according to the presence of high blood pressure criterion

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:We explored whether high blood pressure is associated with metabolic, inflammatory and prothrombotic dysregulation in patients with metabolic syndrome.METHODS:We evaluated 135 consecutive overweight/obese patients. From this group, we selected 75 patients who were not under the regular use of medications for metabolic syndrome as defined by the current Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults criteria. The patients were divided into metabolic syndrome with and without high blood pressure criteria (≥130/≥85 mmHg).RESULTS:Compared to the 45 metabolic syndrome patients without high blood pressure, the 30 patients with metabolic syndrome and high blood pressure had significantly higher glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid and creatinine values; in contrast, these patients had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol values. Metabolic syndrome patients with high blood pressure also had significantly higher levels of retinol-binding protein 4, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and lower levels of adiponectin. Moreover, patients with metabolic syndrome and high blood pressure had increased surrogate markers of sympathetic activity and decreased baroreflex sensitivity. Logistic regression analysis showed that high-density lipoprotein, retinol-binding protein 4 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels were independently associated with metabolic syndrome patients with high blood pressure. There is a strong trend for an independent association between metabolic syndrome patients with high blood pressure and glucose levels.CONCLUSIONS:High blood pressure, which may be related to the autonomic dysfunction, is associated with metabolic, inflammatory and prothrombotic dysregulation in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in cardiac and vascular remodeling in a novel minipig model of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis induced by consumption of a high-fat/cholesterol diet

“…Therefore, a long term HFC diet increases plasma FFA and aggravates IR, which leads to severe cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction. Specifically, the interaction between the sympathetic nervous system and inflammation plays an important role in the development of vascular stiffening and AS [ 39 ]. Moreover, increased FFA was associated with augmented myocardial oxygen consumption [ 40 ], limited myocardial blood supply, and cardiac dysfunction, all of which further promote chronic MI in HFC-fed minipigs.…”

Obesity: systemic and pulmonary complications, biochemical abnormalities, and impairment of lung function

“…There is a strong association between OSA and metabolic syndrome as a whole or with its individual components [ 20 ]. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with OSA is 60 %, significantly higher than in general population [ 98 ]. This association is partially explained by the fact that patients with OSA are more likely to have high visceral adiposity as well as abnormal glucose metabolism [ 20 , 99 ].…”

Metabolic Syndrome and the Lung

“…18,56 The prevalence of MetS in patients with OSA is 60%, which is considerably higher than in the general population. 57 This association is partly explained by the fact that patients with OSA are more likely to have greater visceral adiposity, in addition to abnormal glucose metabolism. In the Wisconsin sleep study the OR for having a diagnosis of DM increased in relation to the degree of OSA severity.…”