The Impact of Migration on Rural Poverty and Inequality: A Case Study in China

Zhu, Nong; Luo, Xubei

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2403896

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…However, urban-rural income inequality remains large and has even widened in recent years (Zhu and Luo 2014). Since the poor performance of left-behind children can further aggravate the existing urban-rural gap in education, urban-rural income inequality may persist into the next generation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No longer left-behind: The impact of return migrant parents on children's performance

Liu

Xiaoxian

2018

China Economic Review

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Asian Development Bank InstituteThe Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI's working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. ADBI encourages readers to post their comments on the main page for each working paper (given in the citation below). Some working papers may develop into other forms of publication.ADB recognizes "China" as the People's Republic of China. The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, ADB, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.Working papers are subject to formal revision and correction before they are finalized and considered published.Asian Development Bank Institute Kasumigaseki Building, 8th Floor 3-2-5 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-6008, Japan AbstractUsing data from a rural household survey for the People's Republic of China in 2009, we examine the impact of parental migration on children's educational outcomes. Consistent with the findings of a large empirical literature, we find that parental migration has a significantly negative impact on left-behind children's educational outcomes as measured by test scores in Chinese and mathematics. However, unlike many of the existing studies on the subject, we focus on the remediation effect of return migrant parents on once-left-behind children's performance. This empirical strategy allows us to avoid the endogeneity issue concerning the migration decision that may have contaminated previous studies. We find evidence that return migrant parents help alleviate the harm caused by parental migration. We explore two channels through which return migrant parents may improve children's school performance. One is that children spend more time studying following migrant parents' return. The other is that return migrant parents spend more on their children's education. We also find evidence suggesting that the remediation effect is stronger for children attending primary school and for daughters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No longer left-behind: The impact of return migrant parents on children's performance

Liu

Xiaoxian

2018

China Economic Review

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“…In the Chinese context, internal migration has indeed alleviated household poverty in migrants' rural communities of origin (Huang & Zhan, 2008;Zhu & Luo, 2010). Economic motives for migration are often highlighted (Fan, 2007;Ye, Wang, Wu, He, & Liu, 2013), and seemingly, taken for granted without examination of the underlying explanations.…”

Section: The Chinese Context: Internal Migration and Left-behind Chilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Migration, Intergenerational Obligations and the Paradox for Left-Behind Boys in Rural China

Zhang

Chandola

Bécares

et al. 2016

Asian Population Studies

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Drawing on in-depth interviews with caregivers of left-behind children (LBC) in rural China, this article seeks to explore their understanding of migration motives and the social process of taking on care-giving roles for LBC. The authors argue that there are underlying socio-cultural explanations pertaining to economic motives for migration; such as, making contributions to social events (weddings and funerals) in village life, and fulfilling social obligations for left-behind sons' futures. Parents migrate to save for sons', but not daughters', adult lives. Grandparents, particularly on the paternal side, are expected to fulfil social obligations to care for left-behind grandchildren, even without immediate financial returns. These suggest that left-behind boys, and in particular boys cared for by paternal grandparents, may be at greater risk than other LBC, as they may receive even fewer resources in the form of remittances from migrant parents in their early childhood.

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“…Migration is shown to improve consumption and income levels and reduce poverty among migrant households (Du, Park, & Wang, 2005;Zhu & Luo, 2010). Most studies find positive effects on education, along with some negative effects related to rigid policies (de Brauw & Giles, 2008b).…”

Section: Impact Of Rural-urban Migration On Sending Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conventional wisdom is that migration contributes to higher inequality in the places of origin because of positive selection and the unequal nature of non-farm income (Zhu & Luo, 2010). However, some studies suggest the opposite.…”

Section: Impact Of Rural-urban Migration On Sending Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Earlier studies treated remittance income as an exogenous transfer, and compared Gini coefficients with and without the inclusion of remittance income, whereas more recently, remittances have been treated as potential substitute for home earnings. In addition, the observed income distribution with remittances is compared to a counterfactual scenario in which no migration takes place, but includes an imputed level of home earnings ( Black et al, 2006;Zhu & Luo, 2010). The earlier approach is unrealistic in assuming that remittance-earning migrants are separate entities from their households in the rural areas and excludes their income in destination areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dynamic effect of rural-to-urban migration on inequality in source villages: System GMM estimates from rural China

Yuan

et al. 2016

China Economic Review

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The Impact of Migration on Rural Poverty and Inequality: A Case Study in China

Cited by 12 publications

References 70 publications

No longer left-behind: The impact of return migrant parents on children's performance

No longer left-behind: The impact of return migrant parents on children's performance

Parental Migration, Intergenerational Obligations and the Paradox for Left-Behind Boys in Rural China

The dynamic effect of rural-to-urban migration on inequality in source villages: System GMM estimates from rural China

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