The impact of mild closed head injury on involuntary saccadic adaptation: Evidence for the preservation of implicit motor learning

Heitger, Marcus; MacAskill, Michael R.; Jones, Richard D.; Anderson, Tim

doi:10.1080/02699050410001720095

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…planning and execution of saccadic eye movements) and tracking (e.g. smooth pursuit) of visual targets (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). For example, in a recent study using a cued saccadic RT paradigm to compare participants with remote mild TBI to uninjured controls, we found evidence for persistent saccadic impairment among those with multiple previous injuries and/or chronic symptoms, whereas asymptomatic participants with a single mild TBI performed similarly to controls (35).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Saccadic impairment in chronic traumatic brain injury: examining the influence of cognitive load and injury severity

et al. 2018

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Saccadic impairment in chronic traumatic brain injury: examining the influence of cognitive load and injury severity

et al. 2018

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“…Consequently, it is an intriguing finding of this study that motor measures assessing the function of 'deeper' brain structures, the functional integrity of which is a factor in deciding outcome, are indeed associated with level of recovery. In all motor-based models, these 'subconscious' motor functions featured alongside motor functions that are more influenced by aspects of volitional control (e.g., directional errors, latencies, motor accuracy), primarily mediated by frontal, prefrontal, parietal and temporal cortical motor areas [46,47,68,76]. Due to the complex functional neuroanatomy employed for eye and arm motor processing, motor testing is able to simultaneously sample cortical and subcortical brain function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously reported that mild CHI impairs the complex cerebral networks for eye and arm motor control at 1 week post-injury, causing deficits in volitional saccades, oculomotor smooth pursuit, and upper-limb visuomotor function [44][45][46][47]. These motor deficits occur independently of neuropsychological impairment after mild CHI [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Mild head injury—a close relationship between motor function at 1 week post-injury and overall recovery at 3 and 6 months

Heitger

Jones

Dalrymple‐Alford

et al. 2007

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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Based on previous findings of impaired eye and arm motor control after mild closed head injury (CHI), this study examined whether early eye and arm motor function, and the level of post-injury cerebral dysfunction manifested in motor control, relates systematically to recovery at 3 and 6 months after mild CHI. At 1 week post-injury, we assessed oculomotor function, upper-limb visuomotor performance, and cognitive status in 37 mild CHI patients. Re-examination at 3 and 6 months determined outcome in terms of postconcussional symptoms and performance of everyday tasks, as assessed by the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire, the Rivermead Head Injury Follow-up Questionnaire and the SF-36 Health Survey. We then examined the association of early motor function, cognitive status and self-reported health condition with outcome using linear regression. Motor-based regression models explained a high proportion of the variance in outcome (70-89%), with motor function at 1 week being more closely related to outcome at 3 and 6 months than early psychometric assessment (13-32%) or self-reported health status (54-79%). These motor-based models incorporated subcortical/subconscious motor functions alongside motor functions that are subject to volitional control and are primarily mediated by frontal, parietal and temporal cortical brain regions. Early assessment of eye and arm motor function may help in improving accuracy of outcome prediction after mild CHI. Such assessment may assist in the better targeting of early health care intervention and help decrease head-trauma-related morbidity and rehabilitation costs.

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“…This finding is consistent with the findings reported by Heitger and coworkers. 56 Currently, there are no objective markers to predict which mTBI sufferers will transform to chronic, complicated cases in the mTBI spectrum, despite this occurring in up to 15% of injured patients. 6 In our study, there were three patients (mTBI #1, #5 and #7) whose saccadic reaction time rate did not resolve at the follow-up assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccadic Eye Movements in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study OPEN ACCESS

Mullen

Yücel

Cusimano

et al. 2014

Can. J. Neurol. Sci.

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58Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) presents a major public health concern worldwide. [1][2][3][4][5] Approximately 10-15% of those who sustain mTBI develop long-term disability with health, psychosocial functioning and quality of life consequences. 6 Currently, there is no consensus regarding the diagnosis and treatment of mTBI, 4,7 and assessment of clinical symptoms and signs and other indicators are not able to predict which patients will develop permanent disability compared to those with a better prognosis. Development of novel biomarkers to predict this high-risk population is critical to improve follow-up and for optimal use of clinical resources. It is therefore essential, from a clinical perspective, that we develop user-friendly, and cost-ABSTRACT: Objective: To investigate whether repeat saccadic reaction time (SRT) measurements using a portable saccadometer is useful to monitor patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Methods: Seven patients with newly-diagnosed mTBI and five agematched controls were prospectively recruited from an emergency Department. Saccadic eye movements, symptom self-reporting and neuropsychological tests were performed within one week of injury and again at follow-up three weeks post-injury. Control patients underwent saccade recordings at similar intervals. Results: Median saccade reaction times were significantly prolonged within one week post-injury in mTBI compared to controls. At follow-up assessment there was no significant between-groups difference. Changes in median SRT between the two assessments were not statistically significant. Four of the seven mTBI patients showed significantly increased SRT at follow-up; three of the mTBI patients and all controls showed no significant change. Among the three mTBI patients with persistent decreased SRT, two experienced loss of consciousness and reported the greatest symptoms, while the third was the only subject with significant decrease in neuropsychological testing scores at both assessments. Conclusion: In three of seven mTBI patients, saccadic eye movements remained delayed within three weeks post-injury. These three patients also showed persistent symptoms or no improvement on neuropsychological testing. This pilot study using a portable saccadometer suggests that comparing SRT from three weeks post-injury to that within one week of injury may be useful for early detection of a subpopulation at risk of persistent disability from mTBI. This finding suggests that further investigation in a large study population is warranted.RÉSUMÉ: Les saccades oculaires dans le traumatisme cérébral léger : une étude pilote. Objectif : Le but de l'étude était d'évaluer si les mesures répétées du temps de réaction saccadique (TRS) au moyen d'un saccadomètre portable est utile pour le suivi des patients atteints d'un traumatisme cérébral léger (TCL). Méthode : Sept patients chez qui un diagnostic de TCL venait d'être posé et 5 sujets témoins appariés pour l'âge ont été recrutés prospectivement au département des urgences. Les sacca...

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The impact of mild closed head injury on involuntary saccadic adaptation: Evidence for the preservation of implicit motor learning

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Saccadic impairment in chronic traumatic brain injury: examining the influence of cognitive load and injury severity

Saccadic impairment in chronic traumatic brain injury: examining the influence of cognitive load and injury severity

Mild head injury—a close relationship between motor function at 1 week post-injury and overall recovery at 3 and 6 months

Saccadic Eye Movements in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study OPEN ACCESS

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