The impact of mode of presentation on gender differences in social perception

Edmondson, Christine B.; Conger, Judith Cohen

doi:10.1007/bf01544787

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Findings demonstrated that men rated the female actor as more promiscuous and seductive than did women. This seminal study was followed by several others which modified the original procedure by increasing conversation duration, using confederates, presenting written vignettes or videos rather than live interactions, and adding an alcohol administration procedure (e.g., Abbey & Harnish, 1995; Abbey, Zawacki, & Buck, 2005; Abbey, Zawacki, & McAuslan, 2000; Edmondson & Conger, 1995; Saal, Johnson, & Weber, 1989; Shea, 1993; Shotland & Craig, 1988). …”

Section: Laboratory Investigation Of Precursors To Sexual Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying sexual aggression: A review of the evolution and validity of laboratory paradigms.

Davis

Parrott

George

et al. 2014

Psychology of Violence

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Objective Researchers have endeavored for decades to develop and implement experimental assessments of sexual aggression and its precursors to capitalize on the many scientific advantages offered by laboratory experiments, such as rigorous control of key variables and identification of causal relationships. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of and commentary on the evolution of these laboratory-based methods. Conclusions To date, two primary types of sexual aggression laboratory studies have been developed: those that involve behavioral analogues of sexual aggression and those that assess postulated precursors to sexually aggressive behavior. Although the study of sexual aggression in the laboratory is fraught with methodological challenges, validity concerns, and ethical considerations, advances in the field have resulted in greater methodological rigor, more precise dependent measures, and improved experimental validity, reliability, and realism. Because highly effective sexual aggression prevention strategies remain elusive, continued laboratory-based investigation of sexual aggression coupled with translation of critical findings to the development and modification of sexual aggression prevention programs remains an important task for the field.

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Section: Laboratory Investigation Of Precursors To Sexual Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying sexual aggression: A review of the evolution and validity of laboratory paradigms.

Davis

Parrott

George

et al. 2014

Psychology of Violence

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“…These methods have included judging sexual interest or intent in face-toface interactions of opposite-sex stranger dyads (Abbey, 1982;Harnish, Abbey, & DeBono, 1990;Saal, Johnson, & Weber, 1989;Shea, 1993), videotaped interactions and/or photos (Abbey, Cozzarelli, McLaughlin, & Harnish, 1987;Abbey & Melby, 1986;Edmondson & Conger, 1995;Saal et al, 1989;Shotland & Craig, 1988), vignettes (Abbey & Harnish, 1995;DeSouza, Pierce, Zanelli, & Hutz, 1992;Haselton & Buss, 2000;Kowalski, 1993), naturalistic personal experiences (Haselton, 2003;Koenig, Kirkpatrick, & Ketelaar, 2007), and experiments (Maner et al, 2005).…”

Section: Biases In Mating and Romantic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Rationality: An Evolutionary Perspective on Cognitive Bias

et al. 2009

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A casual look at the literature in social cognition reveals a vast collection of biases, errors, violations of rational choice, and failures to maximize utility. One is tempted to draw the conclusion that the human mind is woefully muddled. We present a three-category evolutionary taxonomy of evidence of biases: biases are (a) heuristics, (b) error management effects, or (c) experimental artifacts. We conclude that much of the research on cognitive biases can be profitably reframed and understood in evolutionary terms. An adaptationist perspective suggests that the mind is remarkably well designed for important problems of survival and reproduction, and not fundamentally irrational. Our analysis is not an apologia intended to place the rational mind on a pedestal for admiration. rather, it promises practical outcomes including a clearer view of the architecture of systems for judgment and decision making, and exposure of clashes between adaptations designed for the ancestral past and the demands of the present.

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“…Laboratory studies consistently find gender differences in perceptions of sexual intent, with men perceiving women as behaving more sexually and being more interested in a sexual relationship than do women (Abbey, 1982;Abbey, Zawacki, & McAuslan, 2000;Edmondson & Conger, 1995;Shea, 1993). These findings have been explained with theories of gender role socialization and the self-fulfilling nature of expectancies and stereotypes.…”

Section: Misperception Of Sexual Intentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Past Sexual Assault Perpetration and Alcohol Consumption on Men's Reactions to Women's Mixed Signals

Abbey

Zawacki²,

Buck

2005

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology

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Theories about misperception of sexual intent, cognitive distortions among rapists, and alcohol's effects on cognition describe processes that may contribute to acquaintance sexual assault. Drawing on these literatures, an experiment was conducted to examine hypotheses about the effects of past sexual assault perpetration and alcohol consumption on 153 college men's reactions to a female confederate. As compared to nonperpetrators, self-acknowledged rapists and verbal coercers reported being more sexually attracted to the confederate. Trained coders were least certain that rapists noticed specific positive and negative cues that the confederate used and most certain that verbal coercers did. Intoxicated participants perceived themselves and their partner as acting more sexually than did sober or placebo participants. Suggestions are discussed for research and treatment programs with college sexual assault perpetrators.Sexual assault is extremely common in the United States and typically occurs between a man and woman who know each other (Brener, McMahon, Warren, & Douglas, 1999; Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1995;Koss, Gidycz, & Wisniewski, 1987;Tjaden & Thoennes, 1998). Most sexual assaults are not reported to the police, and even among those reported, incarceration of the perpetrator is a rare outcome (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1995;Tjaden & Thoennes, 1998). College men frequently acknowledge having committed sexual assault, almost always with women they know in the context of a date or other type of social interaction and often when under the influence of alcohol. Depending on the precise questions asked and the universities sampled, up to 15% of college men reported that they perpetrated an act that met standard legal definitions of attempted or completed rape and up to 57% indicated that they perpetrated some form of sexual assault (Abbey, McAuslan, & Ross, 1998;Koss et al., 1987;Muehlenhard & Linton, 1987;Rapaport & Burkhart, 1984). Rape typically is defined as physically forced oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse and as sexual intercourse that occurs when consent cannot be given because of the victim's age or impaired mental status, which includes intoxication (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1995;Koss, 1992). Sexual assault includes rape, as well as other types of physically forced sexual Address correspondence to Antonia Abbey, Department of Community Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201. aabbey@med.wayne.edu. Tina Zawacki is now at the Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio. Philip O. Buck is now at the Department of Psychology, University of Missouri at Columbia.William George provided extremely helpful feedback on an earlier draft of this manuscript. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript activity and verbally coerced sexual intercourse (Koss, 1992). Approximately half of all college students' sexual assaults involve alcohol consumption by the perpetrator, the victim, or both (Abbey, 200...

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The impact of mode of presentation on gender differences in social perception

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Studying sexual aggression: A review of the evolution and validity of laboratory paradigms.

Studying sexual aggression: A review of the evolution and validity of laboratory paradigms.

Adaptive Rationality: An Evolutionary Perspective on Cognitive Bias

The Effects of Past Sexual Assault Perpetration and Alcohol Consumption on Men's Reactions to Women's Mixed Signals

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