“…Sales promotion is a form of direct persuasion using various incentives to stimulate immediate product purchases or aims to increase the number of items purchased by customers. The objectives of promotions are very diverse, including attracting new customers to buy products, influencing customers to try a product, encouraging customers to increase purchases, attacking competitor promotions, increasing impulse buying, or as a way to strengthen cooperation with retailers (Akram et al, 2018;Anggarwati et al, 2023;Daulay, 2022;Kempa et al, 2020;Lamis et al, 2022;Maitsa & Artadita, 2022;Riska Anastasia Ningrum & Afrima Widanti, 2023;Sihombing et al, 2022;Van & Ly, 2022).…”