The impact of otitis media

Stool, Sylvan E.; Field, Marilyn J.

doi:10.1097/00006454-198901001-00006

Cited by 135 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…The direct and indirect costs associated with AOM have been estimated to exceed 3.5 billion dollars annually in the United States [16]. Complications of AOM can be severe and require hospitalization or surgical intervention [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of human metapneumovirus with acute otitis media

Williams¹,

Tollefson²,

Nair³

et al. 2006

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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SummaryObjective-Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently described paramyxovirus that has been associated with acute upper and lower respiratory infection (LRI) in infants and children worldwide. We previously observed that one-third of the children with hMPV-associated LRI had been diagnosed with a concomitant acute otitis media (AOM). In the current study, we sought to investigate an association between hMPV and children presenting with AOM as a primary diagnosis.Methods-We used realtime RT-PCR for hMPV to retrospectively test 144 paired nasal wash (NW) and middle ear fluid (MEF) specimens that had been prospectively collected from children with AOM during a 3-year period from 1990-1992. RNA was extracted from archived, frozen samples and realtime RT-PCR for hMPV was performed.Results-We detected hMPV in 8/144 (6%) NW and 1/144 MEF. Several of the children still tested positive for hMPV in NW 3 days later, showing persistent virus shedding. All were detected from November-May and six had bacterial co-pathogens. Two of the eight (25%) hMPV-infected children had no bacterial pathogen isolated, suggesting that hMPV may be associated with AOM as a sole pathogen.Conclusions-These data show that hMPV is associated with a proportion of AOM and thus has additional morbidity and healthcare impact related to these illnesses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of human metapneumovirus with acute otitis media

Williams¹,

Tollefson²,

Nair³

et al. 2006

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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“…Around 5 million children worldwide younger than 5 years die each year from pneumonia, with S. pneumoniae being the main causative agent (85). In the United States alone, more than half a million cases of pneumococcal pneumonia are reported each year, with 5 to 7% of them being fatal (5,27,75,146,163). Most of these infections are found in the elderly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal Virulence Factors: Structure and Function

Jedrzejas

2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

411

354

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The overall goal for this review is to summarize the current body of knowledge about the structure and function of major known antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major gram-positive bacterial pathogen of humans. This information is then related to the role of these proteins in pneumococcal pathogenesis and in the development of new vaccines and/or other antimicrobial agents. S. pneumoniae is the most common cause of fatal community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly and is also one of the most common causes of middle ear infections and meningitis in children. The present vaccine for the pneumococcus consists of a mixture of 23 different capsular polysaccharides. While this vaccine is very effective in young adults, who are normally at low risk of serious disease, it is only about 60% effective in the elderly. In children younger than 2 years the vaccine is ineffective and is not recommended due to the inability of this age group to mount an antibody response to the pneumococcal polysaccharides. Antimicrobial drugs such as penicillin have diminished the risk from pneumococcal disease. Several pneumococcal proteins including pneumococcal surface proteins A and C, hyaluronate lyase, pneumolysin, autolysin, pneumococcal surface antigen A, choline binding protein A, and two neuraminidase enzymes are being investigated as potential vaccine or drug targets. Essentially all of these antigens have been or are being investigated on a structural level in addition to being characterized biochemically. Recently, three-dimensional structures for hyaluronate lyase and pneumococcal surface antigen A became available from X-ray crystallography determinations. Also, modeling studies based on biophysical measurements provided more information about the structures of pneumolysin and pneumococcal surface protein A. Structural and biochemical studies of these pneumococcal virulence factors have facilitated the development of novel antibiotics or protein antigen-based vaccines as an alternative to polysaccharide-based vaccines for the treatment of pneumococcal disease

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“…Recurrent otitis media is associated with substantial morbidity and results in enormous health care costs (163). Careful studies from many centers have defined the etiology of otitis media by performing viral and bacterial cultures of middle ear fluid obtained by tympanocentesis.…”

Section: Otitis Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower respiratory tract infection

Sharland¹

2016

OSH Manual of Childhood Infections

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The impact of otitis media

Cited by 135 publications

References 0 publications

Association of human metapneumovirus with acute otitis media

Association of human metapneumovirus with acute otitis media

Pneumococcal Virulence Factors: Structure and Function

Lower respiratory tract infection

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