The impact of parental cancer on children and the family: a review of the literature

Visser, Annemieke; Huizinga, Gea A.; Graaf, Winette T.A. van der; Hoekstra, Harald J.; Hoekstra-Weebers, Josette E. H. M.

doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2004.06.001

Cited by 315 publications

(373 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The literature shows that both children and adolescents have increased personal responsibilities, resulting in a decrease in social activity and subsequent loss of childhood at a time when peer groups are essential for social development (4,10,14,17). Adolescent truancy rates increase and overall attendance decreases as they need to care for their younger siblings or pick-up extra work shifts to help combat the financial burden cancer puts on a household (11,13).…”

Section: Role Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A daily routine is an important part of life for preschoolers, grade-schoolers, and adolescents for both structural stability and social behavior guidance (7,11). A parental cancer diagnosis can disrupt the daily routine or schedule due to frequent clinic visits, unexpected hospital admission, and the home turning into a place of care (9,12,13).…”

Section: Daily Routinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preschool children have an increased difficulty in separating from their mothers, while children of all ages display a wide range of emotions including anger, anxiety, confusion, sadness, uncertainty, and fear (3,7,11). Elementary school-aged children express guilt, as they feel responsible for their parent's illness, and are more affected by the visible changes in their ill parent, such as hair loss and frequent vomiting (4,6,11). Elementary-aged boys exhibited higher anxiety and hostility while girls demonstrated increased internalizing behaviors (13).…”

Section: Emotional Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Parental Cancer on Children

2017

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Abstract. Background It is estimated that 10.4% of newly diagnosed cancer patients are between the ages of 18-55, with 22.4% of all cancer cases occurring in individuals aged 21-55 (1). This range represents common childbearing and child-rearing ages which suggest a significant portion of these patients may have minor children. In fact, in 2010 it was estimated that 2.85 million children under the age of 18 lived with a parent who was diagnosed with cancer in the US (2). Over the last 30 years, overall cancer survival rates have increased with the 5-year survival rate rising 20% across all races (3). The increasing survival rates suggest a concomitant increase in prevalence of cancer survivors with minor children.A cancer diagnosis can affect the whole family, not just the afflicted parent (4, 5). Multiple studies demonstrate that children in particular have a higher risk of emotional and behavioral problems (6, 7). The disruption of schedules and daily routine, shifting of household roles, financial stress, and the physical and emotional availability of either parent all contribute to these emotional and behavioral problems (7-9). These problems, if overlooked or untreated, can persist into adulthood (10). Daily RoutineA daily routine is an important part of life for preschoolers, grade-schoolers, and adolescents for both structural stability and social behavior guidance (7, 11). A parental cancer diagnosis can disrupt the daily routine or schedule due to frequent clinic visits, unexpected hospital admission, and the home turning into a place of care (9, 12, 13). The disruptions also promote problems sleeping in preschoolers and increased post-traumatic stress symptoms as well as internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescents (6,7,14). Adolescents also report the impact that physical unavailability has on their emotional well being including the ill parent no longer driving them to school, to extracurricular activities, or even packing lunches (12, 15). Role ChangesIt has long been known that parental roles change as one parent becomes a caregiver and the ill parent becomes less available physically and emotionally, having fewer opportunities to interact while placing increased demands on their children (12). However, children of patients with cancer frequently change roles within their family as well, absorbing more responsibility while one parent cares for the ill parent (4, 16). The literature shows that both children and adolescents have increased personal responsibilities, resulting in a decrease in social activity and subsequent loss of childhood at a time when peer groups are essential for social development (4,10,14,17). Adolescent truancy rates increase and overall attendance decreases as they need to care for their younger siblings or pick-up extra work shifts to help combat the financial burden cancer puts on a household (11, 13). 4025

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Section: Role Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Daily Routinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emotional Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Parental Cancer on Children

2017

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“…The process of cell death is called apoptosis; if apoptosis does not occur, cancer may develop. Apoptosis is not necessarily a result of DNA damage or mutations [2]. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells do not undergo apoptosis, and they continue to grow and divide irrepressibly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Vacuum Freeze Drying with Utilization of Internal Cooling and Condenser Waste Heat for Sublimation

Alhamid

Yusuf

Mahlia

et al. 2013

MST

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Vacuum freeze drying is an excellent drying method, but it is very energy-intensive because a relatively long drying time is required. This research investigates the utilization of condenser waste heat for sublimation as a way of accelerating the drying rate. In addition, it also investigates the effect of internal cooling combined with vacuum cooling in the pressure reduction process. Jelly fish tentacles were used as the specimen, with different configurations for condenser heat waste and internal cooling valve opening. The results show that heating with condenser heat waste can accelerate the drying rate up to 0.0035 kg/m 2 .s. In addition, pre-freezing by internal cooling prevents evaporation until the mass of the specimen is 0.47 g and promotes transition of the specimen into the solid phase. AbstrakKarakteristik Pengering Beku Vakum dengan Menggunakan Pendinginan Internal dan Panas Buang Kondenser untuk Sublimasi. Pengering beku vakum adalah metode pengeringan yang terbaik, tetapi konsumsi energinya sangat tinggi karena lamanya waktu pengeringan yang diperlukan. Penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan panas buang kondenser untuk proses sublimasi sebagai salah satu cara untuk mempercepat laju pengeringan. Disamping itu, juga mengkaji pengaruh pendinginan internal yang dikombinasikan dengan pendinginan vakum pada waktu dilakukan proses penurunan tekanan. Tentakel ubur-ubur (Jelly fish tentacles) digunakan sebagai bahan percobaan dengan berbagai konfigurasi panas buang kondensor dan pembukaan katup pendinginan internal. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemanasan dengan panas buang kondensor dapat mempercepat laju pengeringan sampai dengan 0.0035 kg/m 2 .s Selain itu, pembekuan awal dengan melakukan pendinginan internal dapat mencegah terjadinya penguapan sampai dengan 0.47g dan mempercepat transformasinya menjadi padatan.

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“…Even though Malaysia recorded lower number of children, the ratio was higher at 2.5 children per household (Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan Malaysia, Jabatan Perangkaan, 2013). Visser et al (2004), Visser et al (2007), Osborne (2007) and Edwards et al (2008) reported that parental cancer had a range of consequences from the aspect of children's functioning and psychosocial difficulties. Anxiety, fear and uncertainty were common emotional distresses (Kornreich et al, 2008;Fourie, 2008;Buchwald, 2007;Watson, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“She looked like an Alien”

Saat¹,

Hepworth

Jackson

2018

AJIM

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the Malay children’s information needs from their experience with parental cancer using information behaviour techniques to elicit sensitive information that provided an indication of what children were thinking. Design/methodology/approach Data collection adapted the participatory action research method and used participatory-based techniques that included drawings, essays and interviews. Data explication used an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. Social constructionism, learning theory and cognitive theory were used to analyse the data. In total, 32 participants took part, ten mothers with breast cancer at different stages of their cancer journey, and 32 children between 6 and 18 years old. Findings There are shortcomings in the provision of cancer information for Malay children. Unlike verbose and difficult to digest medical definitions and descriptions about cancer and its treatment, the Malay children defined cancer as having components made from their experiences and observations about how cancer affected their parent. The findings explain the relationship between children participants’ reaction to a health situation and the subsequent processes they undergo to resolve their state of information need. Originality/value It highlights the importance of determining information needs and the combined methods used to gain and interpret the experience children face with a parental cancer diagnosis. The findings about ethnic-based information problems, needs and provision for dependent children of cancer patients are one of the original contributions of this research. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is believed to be the first in-depth qualitative and highly participative study of the implications of cancer for dependent children of Malay cancer patients.

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The impact of parental cancer on children and the family: a review of the literature

Cited by 315 publications

References 43 publications

Impact of Parental Cancer on Children

Impact of Parental Cancer on Children

Characteristics of Vacuum Freeze Drying with Utilization of Internal Cooling and Condenser Waste Heat for Sublimation

“She looked like an Alien”

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