The impact of personality characteristics on the clinical expression in neurodegenerative disorders—A review

Gunten, Armin von; Pocnet, Cornelia; Rossier, Jérôme

doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.07.004

Cited by 51 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…The EPQ, developed by Eysenck, is a personality inventory based on the personality theory of physiological psychology [14][15][16] . According to Eysenck, the physiological principle of the E dimension is the excitability level of the cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between personality changes and nucleus accumbens ablation in opioid addicts

et al. 2012

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Aim: It has been reported that nucleus accumbens (NAc) lesions can help to prevent relapse in opioid addicts. This article aimed to investigate associations between personality changes and NAc lesions. Methods: The surgery group consisted of 78 patients who had received bilateral stereotactic lesions of the NAc to treat opioid addiction. Seventy two non-surgery opioid addicts were appropriately paired with the patients of the surgery group as the non-surgery group. All participants were interviewed in person and received urine tests, naloxone provocative tests and hair tests to determine the prevalence of relapse. Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) and the health survey questionnaire (SF-36) were employed to assess personality and functional health, respectively. Results: In the surgery group, 30 participants relapsed, and the non-relapse rate was 61.5% (48/78). Compared with the Chinese normative data, the neuroticism (N) and psychoticism (P) dimensions of the EPQ in the non-surgery group were significantly higher, whereas the lie (L) dimension was significantly lower. There was no significant difference in all dimensions of the EPQ between the surgery group and the Chinese normative data. The N dimension in the relapse group and the L dimension in the surgery group were significantly lower than those of the non-surgery group. The P dimension in the relapse group was significantly higher than that of the non-relapse group. The extraversion (E) dimension was relatively stable between these groups. Conclusion: Although the influence of other factors cannot be excluded, it is apparent that surgically induced NAc lesions are associated with lower P and N dimensions for opioid addicts, and a higher P dimension is associated with a tendency to relapse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between personality changes and nucleus accumbens ablation in opioid addicts

et al. 2012

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“…Research into current and premorbid personality traits or disorders as early markers of Alzheimer disease has been neglected. 2 Further, experimental and clinical work strains to prove clear links between personality factors and features of Alzheimer disease, a difficulty owing, at least in part, to the complexity and multitude of the causal factors involved in the development of Alzheimer disease and the many facets of personality itself. At that, only a few studies have systematically investigated personality changes in patients with Alzheimer disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Personality Changes in Patients with Beginning Alzheimer Disease

et al. 2011

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Objective: To investigate personality traits in patients with Alzheimer disease, compared with mentally healthy control subjects. We compared both current personality characteristics using structured interviews as well as current and previous personality traits as assessed by proxies. Method: Fifty-four patients with mild Alzheimer disease and 64 control subjects described their personality traits using the Structured Interview for the Five-Factor Model. Family members filled in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, Form R, to evaluate their proxies' current personality traits, compared with 5 years before the estimated beginning of Alzheimer disease or 5 years before the control subjects. Results: After controlling for age, the Alzheimer disease group presented significantly higher scores than normal control subjects on current neuroticism, and significantly lower scores on current extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness, while no significant difference was observed on agreeableness. A similar profile, though less accentuated, was observed when considering personality traits as the patients' proxies remembered them. Diachronic personality assessment showed again significant differences between the 2 groups for the same 4 domains, with important personality changes only for the Alzheimer disease group. Conclusions: Group comparison and retrospective personality evaluation are convergent. Significant personality changes follow a specific trend in patients with Alzheimer disease and contrast with the stability generally observed in mentally healthy people in their personality profile throughout their lives. Whether or not the personality assessment 5 years before the current status corresponds to an early sign of Alzheimer disease or real premorbid personality differences in people who later develop Alzheimer disease requires longitudinal studies.

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“…However, this is an emerging topic in AD research. Besides the progressive deterioration of cognitive functioning, behavioral and psychiatric symptoms (BPS) may be associated with current or premorbid personality characteristics, possibly also affect cognitive decline and influence how individuals with dementia cope with their difficulties [5,6]. Personality changes observed in individuals with AD have been described using the Five-Factor Model (FFM) [7 ]and include increased neuroticism, reduced extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness and no change in agreeableness compared to a control group of elderly subjects [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Personality in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Donati

Studer

Petrillo

et al. 2013

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Aims: To describe personality traits and their changes in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and control subjects. Methods: Sixty-three MCI and 90 control subjects were asked to describe their current personality traits by the Structured Interview for the Five-Factor Model (SIFFM). For each subject, a close relative retrospectively assessed these descriptions both as to the previous and current personality traits, using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, Form R (NEO-PI-R). Results: Self-assessed MCI subjects reported significantly lower scores in the openness dimension than control subjects [F(1, 150) = 9.84, p = 0.002, η_p² = 0.06]. In current observer ratings, MCI subjects had higher scores on neuroticism [F(1, 137) = 7.55, p = 0.007, η_p² = 0.05] and lower ones on extraversion [F(1, 137) = 6.40, p = 0.013, η_p² = 0.04], openness [F(1, 137) = 9.93, p = 0.002, η_p² = 0.07], agreeableness [F(1, 137) = 10.18, p = 0.002, η_p² = 0.07] and conscientiousness [F(1, 137) = 25.96, p < 0.001, η_p² = 0.16]. Previous personality traits discriminated the groups as previous openness [odds ratio (OR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95-0.99, p = 0.014] and conscientiousness (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98, p = 0.001) were negatively related to MCI group membership. In MCI subjects, conscientiousness [F(1, 137) = 19.20, p < 0.001, η_p² = 0.12] and extraversion [F(1, 137) = 22.27, p < 0.001, η_p² = 0.14] decreased between previous and current evaluations and neuroticism increased [F(1, 137) = 22.23, p < 0.001, η_p² = 0.14], whereas no significant change was found in control subjects. Conclusions: MCI subjects undergo significant personality changes. Thus, personality assessment may aid the early detection of dementia.

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The impact of personality characteristics on the clinical expression in neurodegenerative disorders—A review

Cited by 51 publications

References 180 publications

Associations between personality changes and nucleus accumbens ablation in opioid addicts

Associations between personality changes and nucleus accumbens ablation in opioid addicts

Personality Changes in Patients with Beginning Alzheimer Disease

The Evolution of Personality in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

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