The impact of personality, morphotype and shore height on temperature‐mediated behavioural responses in the beadlet anemone <i>Actinia equina</i>

Maskrey, Daniel K.; Sneddon, Lynne U.; Arnold, Kathryn E.; Wolfenden, David C. C.; Thomson, Jack S.

doi:10.1111/1365-2656.13301

Cited by 9 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…To test for effects of rearing temperature and latitude on thermal performance curves of activity, boldness, metabolic rate and swimming speed, we ran separate LMMs as described above, with the addition of the linear and quadratic terms of test temperature, as well as their interactions with rearing temperature and latitude. To prevent over-parameterization of these quadratic models, we applied stepwise backwards elimination model selection using the step function in the software R. For each trait, we estimated the repeatability [ 34 ] across test temperatures (as in [ 35 ]), adjusted for fixed effects rearing temperature and latitude (see electronic supplementary material for details of repeatability models).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fast pace-of-life is traded off against a high thermal performance

Tüzün

Stoks

2022

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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The integration of life-history, behavioural and physiological traits into a ‘pace-of-life syndrome’ is a powerful concept in understanding trait variation in nature. Yet, mechanisms maintaining variation in ‘pace-of-life’ are not well understood. We tested whether decreased thermal performance is an energetic cost of a faster pace-of-life. We characterized the pace-of-life of larvae of the damselfly Ischnura elegans from high-latitude and low-latitude regions when reared at 20°C or 24°C in a common-garden experiment, and estimated thermal performance curves for a set of behavioural, physiological and performance traits. Our results confirm a faster pace-of-life (i.e. faster growth and metabolic rate, more active and bold behaviour) in the low-latitude and in warm-reared larvae, and reveal increased maximum performance, R max , but not thermal optimum T opt , in low-latitude larvae. Besides a clear pace-of-life syndrome integration at the individual level, larvae also aligned along a ‘cold–hot’ axis. Importantly, a faster pace-of-life correlated negatively with a high thermal performance (i.e. higher T opt for swimming speed, metabolic rate, activity and boldness), which was consistent across latitudes and rearing temperatures. This trade-off, potentially driven by the energetically costly maintenance of a fast pace-of-life, may be an alternative mechanism contributing to the maintenance of variation in pace-of-life within populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fast pace-of-life is traded off against a high thermal performance

Tüzün

Stoks

2022

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Overall, 30 anemones of each morphotype were used. Collection and identification of morphotypes were carried out using previously described methods ( Maskrey et al, 2020 ). Anemones were size matched at the point of collection as far as was possible by measuring pedal disc diameter (PDD).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphotypes further display consistent differences in boldness-related behaviours. Of particular relevance could be immersion response time (IRT), which not only displays among-individual variation within and across environments but also may be closely associated with an anemone's metabolic rate ( Maskrey et al, 2020 , 2021 ). IRT is a risk-related behaviour, which measures how long after a simulated tide cycle it takes an anemone to re-extend its feeding tentacles and resume foraging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential metabolic responses in bold and shy sea anemones during a simulated heatwave

Maskrey,

Killen,

Sneddon

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Biology

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As climate change-induced heatwaves become more common, phenotypic plasticity at multiple levels is a key mitigation strategy by which organisms can optimise selective outcomes. In ectotherms, changes to both metabolism and behaviour can help alleviate thermal stress. Nonetheless, no study in any ectotherm has yet empirically investigated how changing temperatures affect among-individual differences in the associations between these traits. Using the beadlet anemone (Actinia equina), an intertidal species from a thermally heterogeneous environment, we investigated how individual metabolic rates, linked to morphotypic differences in A. equina, and boldness were related across changing temperatures. A crossed-over design and a temporal control was used to test the same individuals at a non-stressful temperature, 13oC, and under a simulated heatwave at 21oC. At each temperature, short-term repeated measurements of routine metabolic rate (RMR) and a single measurement of a repeatable boldness-related behaviour, immersion response-time (IRT), were made. Individual differences, but not morphotypic differences, were highly predictive of metabolic plasticity, and the plasticity of RMR was associated with IRT. At 13oC, shy animals had the highest metabolic rates, while at 21oC this relationship was reversed. Individuals that were bold at 13oC also exhibited the highest metabolic rates at 21oC. Additional metabolic challenges during heatwaves could be detrimental to fitness in bold individuals. Equally, lower metabolic rates at non-stressful temperatures could be necessary for optimal survival as heatwaves become more common. These results provide novel insight into the relationship between metabolic and behavioural plasticity, and its adaptive implications in a changing climate.

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“…Thus, the factors that could modulate the prominence and features of species' behavioural profile within such a simple nervous system are of considerable interest. This area has a relatively recent and irregular research history, where the startle response of the non-symbiotic species A. equina is used as a quantifying gauge of anemones' adaptability to climate change and the expression of their personality [5,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulatory role of GABAA receptor in Actinia equina nervous system and the possible effect of global ocean acidification

Снігирьов

Sylantyev

2021

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Global warming and connected acidification of the world ocean attract a substantial amount of research efforts, in particular in a context of their impact on behaviour and metabolism of marine organisms, such as Cnidaria. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying Cnidarians’ neural signalling and behaviour and their (possible) alterations due to the world ocean acidification remain poorly understood. Here we researched for the first time modulation of GABAA receptors (GABAARs) in Actinia equina (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) by pH fluctuations within a range predicted by the world ocean acidification scenarios for the next 80–100 years and by selective pharmacological activation. We found that in line with earlier studies on vertebrates, both changes of pH and activation of GABAARs with a selective allosteric agonist (diazepam) modulate electrical charge transfer through GABAAR and the whole-cell excitability. On top of that, diazepam modifies the animal behavioural reaction on startle response. However, despite behavioural reactions displayed by living animals are controlled by GABAARs, changes of pH do not alter them significantly. Possible mechanisms underlying the species resistance to acidification impact are discussed.

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The impact of personality, morphotype and shore height on temperature‐mediated behavioural responses in the beadlet anemone Actinia equina

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 9 publications

References 81 publications

A fast pace-of-life is traded off against a high thermal performance

A fast pace-of-life is traded off against a high thermal performance

Differential metabolic responses in bold and shy sea anemones during a simulated heatwave

The regulatory role of GABAA receptor in Actinia equina nervous system and the possible effect of global ocean acidification

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