The Impact of Related Variety on Regional Employment Growth in Finland 1993–2006: High-Tech versus Medium/Low-Tech

Related Variety, Unrelated Variety and Technological Breakthroughs: An analysis of US State-Level Patenting

“…The horizontal axis indicates the average value of UV over the entire period (including observations that had to be removed from the regression analysis as a consequence of missing data for RD), while the average values for states for RV are reflected by the vertical axis. The scatterplot shows that there is a clear positive relation between the two variables in line with previous findings QUATRARO, 2010QUATRARO, , 2011BOSCHMA et al, 2012;HARTOG et al, 2012). An increase of 0.1 in UV implies (on average) an increase of 0.22 in RV.…”

“…Hence, variety per se may not support innovation; rather it is 'related variety' (NOOTEBOOM, 2000; that provides the basis for knowledge spillovers and recombinant innovation, spurring productivity and employment growth. The related variety hypothesis has motivated a large number of other empirical studies on the effect of related variety in sectoral composition on regional productivity and employment growth (ESSLETZBICHLER, 2007;BOSCHMA and IAMMARINO, 2009;BISHOP and GRIPAIOS, 2010;QUATRARO, 2010QUATRARO, , 2011ANTONIETTI and CAINELLI, 2011;BRACHERT et al, 2011;BOSCHMA et al, 2012;HARTOG et al, 2012;MAMELI et al, 2012). Results tend to show that related variety indeed supports productivity and employment growth at the regional level, though some studies suggest that the effects are sector-specific (BISHOP and GRIPAIOS, 2010;MAMELI et al, 2012).…”

“…These would be states that are diversified into unrelated technological categories while being diversified into many specific classes in each of these categories as well. Any other combination of above-and belowaverage levels of UV, SRV and RV is possible as well, at least theoretically, even if empirically related and unrelated variety tend to correlate positively QUATRARO, 2010QUATRARO, , 2011BOSCHMA et al, 2012;HARTOG et al, 2012).…”

Related variety and regional growth in Hungary: towards a transition economy approach

“…This needs another level of entropy aggregation but enables us to decompose variety measures into domestic and foreign subsets. Unlike in previous papers, in which related variety was decomposed into subsets of manufacturing and service industries (Mameli et al 2012) or high-tech manufacturing (Hartog et al 2012), the introduction of ownership categories requires an additional level of entropy decomposition and a new variable: ownership variety. …”

Related variety and economic development: a literature review

“…Distinguishing between manufacturing and services, and contrary to Bosma et al (2011), related variety positively affects regional employment in services, while unrelated variety positively affects regional employment growth in manufacturing. Hartog, Boschma, and Sotarauta (2012) investigated the impact of related variety in Finland; they did not find evidence that related variety in itself influences employment growth. Rather when decomposed into low/medium-tech sectors and high-tech sectors, related variety between high-tech sectors seems to positively impact regional employment growth.…”