“…Some articles study more precisely card payments (Rysman 2007;Sprenger and Stavins 2008;Kosse and Jansen 2013), others examine cheque payments (Schuh and Stavins 2010;Micheau and Houitte 2012) and a few focus on incentives (Simon, Smith, and West 2010;Arango, Huynh, and Sabetti 2011). More recently, a parallel research stream has highlighted perceived risks associated with payment instruments (Ho and Ng 1994;Kosse 2010;Liébana-Cabanillas, Muñoz-Leiva, and Sánchez-Fernández 2013). This stream uses risk factors, such as fraud, theft or loss, to compare payment instruments (De Mello and Zilberman 2008;Karoubi 2012), focusing on those related to the financial and physical consequences for consumers.…”