The impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the  greater North Sea region – Part 1: Current emissions and  concentrations

Aulinger, Armin; Matthias, Volker; Zeretzke, M.; Bieser, Johannes; Quante, Markus; Backes, A.

doi:10.5194/acp-16-739-2016

Cited by 99 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…They are discussed in detail in the accompanying paper by Aulinger et al (2016). In brief, it can be said that ships contribute significant amounts to the concentrations of NO 2 , particle-bound nitrate (NO − 3 (p)) and particle-bound sulfate (SO 2− 4 (p)).…”

Section: Situation Todaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the first time, load-dependent emission factors resulting from test bed measurements of about 450 different ship engines were used to calculate a ship emission inventory. For the details, the reader is directed to the accompanying paper by Aulinger et al (2016).…”

Section: Reference Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These scenarios consider the same development of the world fleet but different developments in legislation and the use of alternative fuels. The basis is a detailed emission inventory for the year 2011 which is built upon AIS (Automatic Identification System) ship positions and a detailed ship characteristics database (Aulinger et al, 2016). The scenarios are implemented as modified emission inventories for the year 2030.…”

Section: Matthias Et Al: Impact Of Shipping Emissions: Scenarios mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At any time, about 3000 ships are sailing in the North Sea (Aulinger et al, 2016). The steady increase in the number and size of ships leads to an increasing contribution of ships to air pollution in North Sea coastal areas (Matthias et al, 2010;Hammingh et al, 2012;Jalkanen et al, 2012;Aulinger et al, 2016). Compared to other modes of transport like trucks or trains, big container ships or tankers are very efficient in terms of fuel use per ton mile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Europe's three biggest harbours in Rotterdam, Hamburg, and Antwerp are located in the North Sea region. At any time, about 3000 ships are sailing in the North Sea (Aulinger et al, 2016). The steady increase in the number and size of ships leads to an increasing contribution of ships to air pollution in North Sea coastal areas (Matthias et al, 2010;Hammingh et al, 2012;Jalkanen et al, 2012;Aulinger et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the greater North Sea region – Part 2: Scenarios for 2030

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Scenarios for future shipping emissions in the North Sea have been developed in the framework of the Clean North Sea Shipping project. The effects of changing NO x and SO 2 emissions were investigated with the CMAQ chemistry transport model for the year 2030 in the North Sea area. It has been found that, compared to today, the contribution of shipping to the NO 2 and O 3 concentrations will increase due to the expected enhanced traffic by more than 20 and 5 %, respectively, by 2030 if no regulation for further emission reductions is implemented in the North Sea area. PM 2.5 will decrease slightly because the sulfur contents in ship fuels will be reduced as international regulations foresee. The effects differ largely between regions, seasons and date of the implementation of stricter regulations for NO x emissions from newly built ships.

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Section: Situation Todaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reference Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Matthias Et Al: Impact Of Shipping Emissions: Scenarios mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the greater North Sea region – Part 2: Scenarios for 2030

et al. 2016

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Nitrogen oxides and ozone in urban air: A review of 50 plus years of progress

Erickson

Newmark

Higgins

et al. 2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Nitrogen oxides and ozone impact air quality in many parts of the United States, Europe, China, and many other countries. The greatest air quality challenge in Los Angeles, some other areas of California, and some parts of China is to reduce ozone levels to meet regulations. Background ozone is a major factor which makes it more difficult to reduce urban concentrations in Los Angeles and some other locations. Air pollution from China affects the background ozone entering California. More than 50 years of history are reviewed with an emphasis on reducing concentrations of nitrogen oxides and ozone. During this time period, there has been significant progress in reducing levels of these pollutants in urban air in the United States and Europe; however, ozone concentrations in China have increased since 2013. Cost and benefit analysis has shown that benefits associated with the Clean Air Act of 1970 have greatly exceeded costs to improve air quality in the U.S. over the past 50 years. Further actions to consider to improve air quality include reducing combustion of coal and petroleum products and transitioning to renewable energy. Public education is recommended to inform citizens that the benefits of reducing emissions far exceed costs.

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