The impact of sleep, stress, and depression on postpartum weight retention: A systematic review

Xiao, Rui; Kroll‐Desrosiers, Aimee; Goldberg, Robert J.; Pagoto, Sherry L.; Person, Sharina D.; Waring, Molly E.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.09.016

Cited by 53 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Another study conducted with 25 low-income women showed that depressive symptoms in the postpartum period were associated with greater weight retention in this period 39 . Recently, a systematic review showed that a research investigating the impact of postpartum sleep, stress, depression on weight retention is limited and future longitudinal studies are needed 40 . Whitaker et al 12 found a significant association between stress and weight retention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that psychiatric symptoms are common after delivery, a period marked by hormonal changes, as well as changes of a social nature and shifts in family organization, and by a high frequency of postpartum depression 10 . Sleep disorders and depression also seem to be associated with postpartum weight retention 11,12 . It has been demonstrated that early (three and six months) postpartum body image dissatisfaction is related with postpartum weight retention at nine months 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with postpartum weight retention in a Brazilian cohort

Zanotti¹,

Capp²,

Wender³

2015

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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PURPOSE: To identify the factors associated with weight retention after pregnancy. METHODS: A cohort study was performed with 145 women receiving maternity care at a hospital in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, aged 19 to 45 years, between weeks 38 and 42 of pregnancy. The patients were evaluated at one month, three months, and six months after delivery. Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare groups, as indicated; correlations were assessed with Pearson's and Spearman's tests, as indicated; to identify and evaluate confounders independently associated with total weight loss, a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed and statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: There was a significant positive association between total weight gain -and a negative association with physical exercise during pregnancy -with total weight loss. Higher parity, interpregnancy interval, calorie intake, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), weight gain related to pre-pregnancy BMI, presence and severity of depression, and lack of exclusive breastfeeding were directly associated with lower weight loss. Among nominal variables, level of education and marital status were significantly associated with total weight loss. CONCLUSION: In the present study, lower weight retention in the postpartum period was associated with higher educational attainment and with being married. Normal or below-normal pre-pregnancy BMI, physical activity and adequate weight gain during pregnancy, lower parity, exclusive breastfeeding for a longer period, appropriate or low calorie intake, and absence of depression were also determinants of reduced weight retention. ResumoOBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores associados à retenção de peso após a gravidez. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte com 145 mulheres que receberam cuidados de maternidade em um hospital de Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com idades entre 19 e 45 anos entre a 38ª e a 42ª semana da gravidez. As pacientes foram avaliadas um, três e seis meses após o parto. As variáveis foram analisadas com o teste t de Student ou análise de variância de uma via (ANOVA), conforme indicado; as associações foram analisadas pelas correlações de Pearson e Spearman. Para identificar e analisar confundidores independentemente associados à perda de peso, foi utilizada regressão linear multivariada e foi considerado estatisticamente significante p≤0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve uma associação positiva significativa entre o ganho de peso total -e uma associação negativa com o exercício físico durante a gravidezcom a perda de peso total. Maior número de partos, intervalo entre partos, ingestão de calorias, índice de massa corporal (IMC) antes da gestação, ganho de peso relacionado com IMC pré-gestacional, presença e severidade de depressão e falta de aleitamento materno exclusivo foram diretamente associados com menor perda de peso. Entre as variáveis nominais, o nível de escolaridade e estado civil foram significativamente associados com a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with postpartum weight retention in a Brazilian cohort

Zanotti¹,

Capp²,

Wender³

2015

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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“…Predictors identified in available studies are: low self-esteem, anxiety early in pregnancy, depression and low socioeconomic status although the mechanisms remain unclear [17, 18]. We aimed to find out what women themselves perceive as reasons for their excessive weight gain and their inability to lose weight postpartum, so that more effective interventions can be developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's Perceived Reasons for Their Excessive Postpartum Weight Retention: A Qualitative Interview Study

et al. 2016

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IntroductionObesity in Sweden has doubled to 14% over the last 20 years. New strategies for treatment and prevention are needed. Excessive gestational weight gain has been found to contribute substantially to obesity, and there is a consistent association between postpartum weight retention and obesity later in life. We aimed to explore what factors women perceive as reasons for having substantial postpartum weight retention, to identify areas for new and improved interventions.MethodsQualitative interview study (semi-structured) using an emergent design. Fifteen women, with a postpartum weight retention ≥ 10 kg, were interviewed by a trained cognitive therapist. Eight women had pre-pregnancy BMI below 30 kg/m2. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data analysed using inductive manifest content analysis. Salient text passages were extracted, shortened, coded and clustered into categories.ResultsParticipants reported no knowledge of current gestational weight gain recommendations or of risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes with excessive weight gain or postpartum weight retention. Excessive eating emerged as a common strategy to provide relief of psychological, emotional and physical discomfort, such as depression and morning sickness. Women perceived medical staff as being unconcerned about weight, and postpartum weight loss support was scarce or absent. Some women reported eating more due to a belief that breastfeeding would automatically lead to weight loss.ConclusionThere is a need to raise awareness about risks with unhealthy gestational weight development and postpartum weight retention in women of childbearing age. The common strategy to cope with psychological, emotional or physical discomfort by eating is an important factor to target with intervention. The postpartum year is a neglected period where additional follow-up on weight and weight loss support is strongly indicated.

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“…The limited existing research on the impact of stress on post-partum weight retention (Harris et al, 1999a, b; Walker, 1996, 1997; Whitaker et al, 2014) has used different measures to assess stress after pregnancy, such as the Parenting Stress Index (Abidin, 1995), the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al, 1983; Cohen & Williamson, 1988), and the Stress Scale from Psychological Profile. This inconsistency limits the ability to compare findings across studies, as noted in a recent systematic review that examined the association between stress and PPWR (Xiao et al, 2014). Consistency in defining and measuring stress in the interconception period across studies would aid in comparison and summarization of the literature in systematic review reviews and meta-analyses (Xiao et al, 2014).…”

Section: Critical Evaluation Of Current State Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the need for interventions to manage weight and stress during interconception

et al. 2016

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Interventions to manage weight and stress during the interconception period (i.e., time immediately following childbirth to subsequent pregnancy) are needed to promote optimal maternal and infant health outcomes. To address this gap, we summarize the current state of knowledge, critically evaluate the research focused on weight and stress management during the interconception period, and provide future recommendations for research in this area. Evidence supports the importance of weight and stress management during the reproductive years and the impact of weight on maternal and child health outcomes. However, evidence-based treatment models that address postpartum weight loss and manage maternal stress during the interconception period are lacking. This problem is further compounded by inconsistent definitions and measurements of stress. Recommendations for future research include interventions that address weight and stress tailored for women in the interconception period, interventions that address healthcare providers’ understanding of the significance of weight and stress management during interconception, and long-term follow-up studies that focus on the public health implications of weight and stress management during interconception. Addressing obesity and stress during the interconception period via a reproductive lens will be a starting point for women and their families to live long and healthy lives.

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The impact of sleep, stress, and depression on postpartum weight retention: A systematic review

Cited by 53 publications

References 52 publications

Factors associated with postpartum weight retention in a Brazilian cohort

Factors associated with postpartum weight retention in a Brazilian cohort

Women's Perceived Reasons for Their Excessive Postpartum Weight Retention: A Qualitative Interview Study

Exploring the need for interventions to manage weight and stress during interconception

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