The impact of social support on adolescent coping in the context of urban poverty.

Abstract

This study used a mixed method, prospective, multi-informant design to (a) identify coping strategies used by youth residing in urban poverty and (b) test whether these coping strategies buffer the effects of stress exposure when adult support is present and when absent. Method: There were 286 youth ages 10 to 16 (mean age at Time 1 ϭ 13; 65% female; 34% male; 1% not identified; 46% African American; 25% Latino; 11% European American; 8% Asian American, 4% Mixed/Biracial, 6% Other) and their parents who participated. Thematic analyses were used to code adolescent interviews about protective factors to identify specific coping strategies used. Hierarchical regression analyses tested whether these coping strategies moderate the association between stress exposure and psychological symptoms for youth with and without adult support. Results: Youth identified multiple coping strategies as protective including Expressing Oneself, Self-Soothing, Seeking Help, Seeking Safety, Distraction, Problem-Solving, Self-Care, and Avoidance. A number of these coping strategies (Expressing Oneself, Self-Soothing, Seeking Help, and Seeking Safety) attenuated the association between stressors and psychological symptoms over time for youth with adult support. For youth without adult support, a number of the strategies they identified as protective (Distraction, Problem-Solving, and Self-Care) accentuated the association between stress exposure and psychological symptoms over time. The only strategy that proved protective for youth without adult support was avoidance. Conclusions: Findings suggest that youth require adult support to effectively make use of a range of coping strategies and that avoidance is the sole effective strategy for youth without support.

Management Model of Rural-Owned Enterprises Due to Impact of Pandemic COVID-19 Based on Transformation of Economic Behavior

“…shows that the Direct Influence Graph means that perception-motivation has a partial relationship with digital transactions, while the social impact of management risk has a multivariate relationship with the variables of quality of life-service, social-cultural network of consumers, and customer satisfaction. Correlated among perception-motivation with digital transaction in line of found of [19]- [21]. Fig.…”

Physical, emotional and social aspects of vulnerability in adolescence

“…In many regions of the world problematic social and racial relationships, poverty, low educational level, and few job possibilities are concerns which might contribute to participation in risky behavior (unsafe sexual activity, risky driving, alcohol or drug intoxication, etc) [9,67] . Also, adolescents who reside in low-income urban neighborhoods, with systemic discrimination and economic deprivation, are exposed to a range of severe and chronic stressors beyond those that are typical for the general population [68,69] . Exposure to violence (both as a victim and as a witness) and to other stressors associated with urban poverty contribute to heightened rates of psychological problems among lowincome urban youth [69] .…”

“…Also, adolescents who reside in low-income urban neighborhoods, with systemic discrimination and economic deprivation, are exposed to a range of severe and chronic stressors beyond those that are typical for the general population [68,69] . Exposure to violence (both as a victim and as a witness) and to other stressors associated with urban poverty contribute to heightened rates of psychological problems among lowincome urban youth [69] .…”

Providing a health‐promotion behaviors model in elderly: Psychological capital, perceived social support, and attitudes toward death with mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies

“…24 Stacey et al 25 examined the relationship between self-care and social support and concluded that these two variables have a significant relationship with each other. Reife et al 26 inspected the impact of social support on coping techniques and showed that by increasing social support, individuals use more effective coping methods and experience a better mental health status. Stapley et al 27 concluded that self-care behaviors and social support play an important role in people's health and their ability to stress.…”