The impact of state earned income tax credit increases on material and medical hardship

Kondratjeva, Olga; Roll, Stephen; Despard, Mathieu R.; Grinstein‐Weiss, Michal

doi:10.1111/joca.12382

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Studies of earning supplements, like the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) are also linked with improved economic outcomes (i.e., Barr et al, 2022;Hoynes and Patel, 2017;Michelmore and Pilkauskas, 2021) and improved material hardship. The EITC reduces some housing hardships (household crowding, cost burdens, doubling up; Pilkauskas and Michelmore, 2019), medical hardship (Kondratjeva et al, 2021) and food insecurity (Kondratjeva et al, 2022;Batra and Hamad, 2021), but does not seem to impact ability to pay bills, buy prescriptions, or make housing payments (Kondratjeva et al 2021(Kondratjeva et al , 2022.…”

Section: Prior Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Income on the Economic Wellbeing of Families with Low Incomes: Evidence from the 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit

Pilkauskas¹,

Michelmore²,

Kovski³

et al. 2022

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We examine the effects of an unconditional cash transfer on the economic wellbeing (material hardship, ability to meet needs, money on hand, use of friends and family for assistance, and employment) of families and children with very low incomes. We use a parameterized differencein-differences approach to study the impact of the 2021 temporary expansion of the Child Tax Credit (CTC), which provided monthly, unconditional cash payments to families with children from July to December 2021. The 2021 monthly CTC reduced the number of hardships families experienced, and in particular their food insecurity. We find some evidence that the credit reduced medical hardships, reduced reliance on friends and family for food, and improved respondents' ability to pay utility bills. We also find no effects on any labor supply measures. Analyses that examine differences by racial/ethnic groups show that the effects are somewhat stronger for Black families than for Hispanic and White families, but the differences are not large.

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Section: Prior Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Income on the Economic Wellbeing of Families with Low Incomes: Evidence from the 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit

Pilkauskas¹,

Michelmore²,

Kovski³

et al. 2022

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“…Unlike TANF, the EITC lifts many children out of poverty, more than 4 million children in 2020. 32 The EITC reduces economic hardships 34 , 35 , 36 and poverty during childhood, 37 effects that are particularly pronounced in early childhood (ages 0–5). 38 In addition to improving economic well‐being, studies show that EITC lowers the incidence of low birth weight, 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 and increases general child health, 44 , 45 although the evidence on child obesity is mixed.…”

Section: What Do We Know About Us Income Transfer Policies and Child ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Poverty and Health: The Role of Income Support Policies

Pilkauskas

2023

Milbank Quarterly

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r Child poverty is associated with both short-and long-term health and well-being, and income support policies can be used to improve child health.r This article reviews the types of income support policies used in the United States and the evidence of the effectiveness of these policies in improving child health, highlighting areas for future research and policy considerations specific to income support policies. C hild poverty is associated with both short-and long-term health and well-being. 1,2 Poverty affects child health directly through the experience of deprivation, such as through food insufficiency or lack of housing, but also indirectly through the availability of parental or community resources. 3 Economic resources also shape children's access to health-promoting policies, like education, child care, parental leave, and health care, which affect both current and later-life health and mortality. Many income support policies also reduce poverty and improve economic well-being, which in turn improves child health. In this paper, I review the evidence on income support policies in the United States and their effects on child health. I focus on income support policies because there is a growing interest in considering how

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“…Most studies of the EITC rely on quasi‐experimental methods, although two experimental studies of the EITC find that an additional $1,500 improved the mental and physical health for women (Courtin et al., 2020, 2022). Other quasi‐experimental studies find the EITC is linked with reduced housing hardship (Pilkauskas & Michelmore, 2019), reduced medical hardship (Kondratjeva et al., 2021), and improved health (e.g., Braga et al., 2020; Evans & Garthwaite, 2014). A recent study exploiting within‐year timing of EITC receipt finds no short‐term changes in health and psychological distress (Collin et al., 2020), while another finds a small, short‐term reduction in food insecurity (Batra & Hamad, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The COVID Cash Transfer Study: The Impacts of a One‐Time Unconditional Cash Transfer on the Well‐Being of Families Receiving SNAP in Twelve States

Pilkauskas¹,

Jacob²,

Rhodes³

et al. 2023

J Policy Anal Manage

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There is growing interest in the use of unconditional cash transfers as a means to alleviate poverty, yet little is known about the effects of such transfers in the U.S. This paper reports on the results of a randomized controlled study of a one-time $1,000 unconditional cash transfer in May 2020 to families with low incomes in 12 U.S. states. The families were receiving, or had recently received, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits. We examine the impact of the cash transfer on five pre-registered outcomes (material hardship, mental health, parenting, child behavior, partner relationships) and several secondary outcomes (hardship avoidance, consumption, employment, benefit use). We find no statistically significant effects (powered to detect effects of 0.09 standard deviations) of the cash transfer on any outcomes for the full sample. In pre-specified exploratory analyses, we find significant reductions in material hardship (-0.17 standard deviations) among families with less than $500 of earnings in the previous month, roughly the bottom 50 percent of monthly earnings for the study sample.

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The impact of state earned income tax credit increases on material and medical hardship

Cited by 11 publications

References 77 publications

The Effects of Income on the Economic Wellbeing of Families with Low Incomes: Evidence from the 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit

The Effects of Income on the Economic Wellbeing of Families with Low Incomes: Evidence from the 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit

Child Poverty and Health: The Role of Income Support Policies

The COVID Cash Transfer Study: The Impacts of a One‐Time Unconditional Cash Transfer on the Well‐Being of Families Receiving SNAP in Twelve States

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