The impact of technological advancement on total factor productivity of cotton: a comparative analysis between Pakistan and India

Aziz

et al. 2020

SAJBS

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PurposeThis empirical analysis tries to examine determinants of private foreign direct investment (FDI) in Pakistan using the bounds test approach. Main determinants of FDI among them are the size of the market (Q) macroeconomic stability (r), political stability (PRS), real exchange rate (REX) and institutional quality (INQ).Design/methodology/approachThis study used annual time-series data set starting from 1980 to 2016. This study has used time-series data with ARDL and error-correction model (ECM) and examined main determinants of FDI for Pakistan. The study used the Granger causality test (modified WALD test) to identify the causality among the variables.FindingsMoreover, empirical findings indicate the long-run relationship between GDP, trade openness and institutional quality toward FDI. However, political instability, inflation and real exchange rate harm FDI in Pakistan. Furthermore, results of Granger causality indicate that the bidirectional causality running from FDI and Q toward FDI is significant, providing evidence of FDI-led growth hypotheses in Pakistan. This study determines the correlation between FDI and Q (GDP growth) related to the “feedback hypothesis” in the short and long run. This study also concludes that the short-run causal connection among FDI, REX, PRS, r and Q follows the “feedback hypothesis.” This describes that FDI, REX, PRS, r and Q variables are jointly determined and affected together.Originality/valueThis study also explores the causal association between FDI and its significant determinants, by using methods of Granger causality test and the approach of Toda-Yamamoto-DoladoLutkephol (TYDL) to examine the causal relationship and its directions among these variables.

Section: Key Determinants Of Foreign Directmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the key determinants of foreign direct investment flows in Pakistan: new insights into the co-integration relationship

Saleem

Aziz

et al. 2020

SAJBS

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“…They divided the sample into two categories depending upon the income and inflation levels of the countries. For relatively lower-income countries, findings highlight an encouraging long-term consequence regarding trade openness along with some adverse short-run effects (Shabbir& Yaqoob, 2019;. Likewise, variations in inflation level yield different results for both categories and despite adopting some advanced policies for financial development and international trade.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 88%

Philosophy behind Islamic Economics: Limited Desires and Unlimited Resources

Ahmed

2020

GReviewIEB

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The most famous definition of economics among modern academicians and economists is a branch of science which deals with the study of the relationship between limited resources and unlimited wants or desires. Under the shadow of this definition, there are different types of conventional economic systems included relativism, utilitarianism, and universalism, etc. This study has been introduced in the economic world through an evolution process. There is a dominant feeling within the Muslim elites that either Islam is unable to respond to complex contemporary challenges in the fields of trade and economics or its economic concepts are old and outdated. Both of these perceptions are incorrect. The real philosophy, concept, and definition of Islamic economics are based on limiting desires and unlimited resources which are supported by Quran and Hadith. The beauty of Islamic economics is based on limited desires and unlimited resources. This concept of Islamic economics can share the risk of profit and loss in their business. Islamic banks with this revolutionary approach will feel at ease in implementing Shari’ah-based finance and offer risk-sharing products and services.

“…The N ijt represents the native population in the labour market at time t, while m ijt represents the migrant influx into the labour market. As a result of the migrant influx into a labour market, the wages are predicted to decrease leading to internal migration of the native workers (Shabbir and Yaqoob, 2019). This change in wages is a change in factor prices, the native's reaction to this occurs with a delay, a lag of one period, leading to a native labour supply elasticity given by a: A one-period lag is necessary because the natives will not migrate immediately therefore, the effects of the migration influx must be measured with a lag.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does higher population matter for labour market? Evidence from rapid migration in Canada

Sial

Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja

et al. 2020

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Canada has been a host country to migrants for decades through its attractive immigration policy. To enrich the literature, this article analyses the impact of immigration on the Canadian labour market at the regional level. For this purpose, 10 provinces of Canada have been selected for this study with the data spanning over 12 years from 2006 to 2017. Through the empirical analysis, the article finds there is a significant negative impact of immigration on the native employment level. Whereas the opposite results are found on the national level and the impact on the income of native workers is found to be negative and significant. The employed natives are also found to be migrating to other states at a higher rate in regions where immigration is higher. These results show that natives employees in the labour market tend to migrate and immigration hence offsetting the wage effects on the regional level.