The impact of therapeutic-dose induced intestinal enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy pigs on fecal Escherichia coli populations

Smet, Joren De; Boyen, Filip; Croubels, Siska; Rasschaert, Geertrui; Haesebrouck, Freddy; Temmerman, Robin; Rutjens, Sofie; Backer, Patrick De; Devreese, Mathias

doi:10.1186/s12917-020-02608-9

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The result found significant changes in the gut microbial and their functional metabolite pathways in American shad after ENR treatment, which was similar to the report by Elokil et al (2020). Some researchers also found that ENR resulted in microbial metabolic disorder in the gut of chickens, mice and pigs (De Smet et al, 2020;Li, Hao, et al, 2017;Li, Long, et al, 2017;Strzepa et al, 2017). There was a significant difference in the amount of Proteobacteria between ENR exposure and the control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Enrofloxacin induces intestinal disorders of metabolome and microbiome in American shad ( Alosa sapidissima )

Liu²

2021

Aquac Res

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side effects and rapid action compared with other antibiotics (Liu et al., 2015;Wang et al., 2016). With societal development, residual antibiotics flow into aquatic environments through wastewater systems from hospitals, pharmaceutical industries, livestock and aquaculture (Fiaz et al., 2021). ENR has been detected in water, sediment, soil and animal tissue worldwide and ultimately enters the human body through the food chain (Huang et al., 2020). Growing evidence showed that ENR affected human health by eating several species, such as bivalves, crustaceans and fish (Ben et al., 2019). Moreover, ENR induces genotoxicity, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and development toxicity in the organism and poses enormous threats to the environment and life (Chen et al., 2020;Gomes et al., 2020;Hu et al., 2014). Some researchers found that ENR disrupted early development and metabolic, affected the regulation of the NF-kappa B signalling pathway and altered reproduction behaviour in fish and

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Significant metabolic changes in the gut of mice were also found after exposure to ENR and vancomycin (Sun et al, 2019). De Smet et al (2020) found that ENR exposure impacted the faecal Escherichia coli populations in pigs. In addition, the dysbiosis of gut microbiota was found after ENR exposure to chickens and mice (Li, Hao, et al, 2017;Strzepa et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enrofloxacin induces intestinal disorders of metabolome and microbiome in American shad ( Alosa sapidissima )

Liu²

2021

Aquac Res

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“…The high dose results in a higher concentration of enrofloxacin and its metabolite in the system, which means that the clearance time is extended [ 55 ]. Studies have shown that enrofloxacin and its metabolites are excreted from the plasma to the intestinal lumen through the active transport system, as well as enterohepatic circulation accumulates them in the intestine [ 56 , 57 ]. Furthermore, their concentrations increase from the proximal to the distal part of the intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrofloxacin Alters Fecal Microbiota and Resistome Irrespective of Its Dose in Calves

et al. 2021

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Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone drug used to prevent and control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex in multiple or single doses, ranging from 7.5 to 12.5 mg/kg body weight. Here, we examined the effects of high and low doses of a single subcutaneously injected enrofloxacin on gut microbiota and resistome in calves. Thirty-five calves sourced for this study were divided into five groups: control (n =7), two low dose groups (n = 14, 7.5 mg/kg), and two high dose groups (n = 14, 12.5 mg/kg). One group in the low and high dose groups was challenged with Mannheimia haemolytica to induce BRD. Both alpha and beta diversities were significantly different between pre- and post-treatment microbial communities (q < 0.05). The high dose caused a shift in a larger number of genera than the low dose. Using metagenomic ProxiMeta Hi-C, 32 unique antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) conferring resistance to six antibiotic classes were detected with their reservoirs, and the high dose favored clonal expansion of ARG-carrying bacterial hosts. In conclusion, enrofloxacin treatment can alter fecal microbiota and resistome irrespective of its dose. Hi-C sequencing provides significant benefits for unlocking new insights into the ARG ecology of complex samples; however, limitations in sample size and sequencing depth suggest that further work is required to validate the findings.

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“…It is recognized that group administration of antimicrobials plays an important role in the selection of resistant bacteria [ 47 ]. Although limited information is available on intestinal exposure for the antimicrobials currently marketed, it is known that it could influence the selection of resistant bacteria [ 48 ]. In fact, incomplete oral absorption may affect the intestinal microbiota [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although limited information is available on intestinal exposure for the antimicrobials currently marketed, it is known that it could influence the selection of resistant bacteria [ 48 ]. In fact, incomplete oral absorption may affect the intestinal microbiota [ 48 ]. Several studies have highlighted that the increasing level of antimicrobial resistance in gut microbiota was mainly due to the antimicrobial misuse [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Flumequine in Intestinal Contents and Colon Tissue in Pigs after Its Therapeutic Use in the Drinking Water

Rodrı́guez¹,

Díez²,

Sierra³

et al. 2021

Animals

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Flumequine concentrations in plasma, colon tissue and intestinal contents were evaluated in 12 healthy pigs after oral administration (12 mg/kg every 24 h for 5 consecutive days in drinking water). Plasma, colon tissue and intestinal content samples were collected from animals sacrificed on days 3, 6 and 7. Concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography after having validated the method, following the European Medicines Agency (EMA) requirements. The drug was not detected in any plasma sample. In colon tissue, concentrations were higher on day 3 (0.230 ± 0.033 µg/g, descending colon; 0.156 ± 0.093 µg/g, ascending colon) than on day 6 (0.187 ± 0.123 µg/g, descending colon; 0.107 ± 0.007 µg/g, ascending colon). Concentrations were considerably higher in intestinal contents, again on day 3 (1.349 ± 1.401 µg/g, descending colon; 0.591 ± 0.209 µg/g, ascending colon) than on days 6 (0.979 ± 0.346 µg/g, descending colon; 0.595 ± 0.075 µg/g, ascending colon) and 7 (0.247 ± 0.172 µg/g, descending colon; 0.172 ± 0.086 µg/g, ascending colon). Measured concentrations were lower than those effective against the most common intestinal pathogenic microorganisms in swine and, more specifically, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae.

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The impact of therapeutic-dose induced intestinal enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy pigs on fecal Escherichia coli populations

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Enrofloxacin induces intestinal disorders of metabolome and microbiome in American shad ( Alosa sapidissima )

Enrofloxacin induces intestinal disorders of metabolome and microbiome in American shad ( Alosa sapidissima )

Enrofloxacin Alters Fecal Microbiota and Resistome Irrespective of Its Dose in Calves

Distribution of Flumequine in Intestinal Contents and Colon Tissue in Pigs after Its Therapeutic Use in the Drinking Water

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