The impact of thermal maturity level on the composition of crude oils, assessed using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry

Oldenburg, Thomas B. P.; Brown, Melisa; Bennett, Barry; Larter, Stephen R.

doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.07.002

Cited by 127 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…These could represent bicyclic naphthenic acids (NAs), which are more resistant to biodegradation than most other saturated hydrocarbons (48,49), resulting in their enrichment in severely biodegraded hydrocarbon deposits like those found in the oil sands outcrops. O55_1 and O55_2 also had increases in the DBE2 and DBE3 groups of species of the O 3 class, likely representing hydroxy-carboxylic acids, and (18,40). The sum of intensities of all DBE groups of the heteroatom class was set equal to 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The collected biomass was used for DNA extraction for microbial community analysis. The remaining bituminous sands were used for oil extraction and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis (18,40).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bitumen content was expressed as the number of milligrams of bitumen per gram of sample. The remaining extracts were analyzed with a Bruker Apex 12 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (12T FTICR-MS) without further separation using electrospray ionization (ESI) in negative-ion mode (ESI-N) or in positive-ion mode (ESI-P), as described elsewhere (40). The extracted bitumen samples were diluted with equal parts of toluene and methanol to become whole oils.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles of Thermophiles and Fungi in Bitumen Degradation in Mostly Cold Oil Sands Outcrops

Wong

Caffrey

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Oil sands are surface exposed in river valley outcrops in northeastern Alberta, where flat slabs (tablets) of weathered, bitumensaturated sandstone can be retrieved from outcrop cliffs or from riverbeds. Although the average yearly surface temperature of this region is low (0.7°C), we found that the temperatures of the exposed surfaces of outcrop cliffs reached 55 to 60°C on sunny summer days, with daily maxima being 27 to 31°C. Analysis of the cooccurrence of taxa derived from pyrosequencing of 16S/18S rRNA genes indicated that an aerobic microbial network of fungi and hydrocarbon-, methane-, or acetate-oxidizing heterotrophic bacteria was present in all cliff tablets. Metagenomic analyses indicated an elevated presence of fungal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in these samples. This network was distinct from the heterotrophic community found in riverbeds, which included fewer fungi. A subset of cliff tablets had a network of anaerobic and/or thermophilic taxa, including methanogens, Firmicutes, and Thermotogae, in the center. Long-term aerobic incubation of outcrop samples at 55°C gave a thermophilic microbial community. Analysis of residual bitumen with a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer indicated that aerobic degradation proceeded at 55°C but not at 4°C. Little anaerobic degradation was observed. These results indicate that bitumen degradation on outcrop surfaces is a largely aerobic process with a minor anaerobic contribution and is catalyzed by a consortium of bacteria and fungi. Bitumen degradation is stimulated by periodic high temperatures on outcrop cliffs, which cause significant decreases in bitumen viscosity.T he world's largest oil sands deposit, located in western Canada, is contained in Lower Cretaceous sandstone formations in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin at depths of 0 to 800 m below the surface (mbs) (1, 2). Surface oil sands deposits are found in river valley outcrops (Fig. 1), where they are further changed by oxidative biodegradation and weathering.Oil sands hydrocarbon formed 84 million to 55 million years ago in tide-controlled river and estuarine sediment source rock, from where it migrated upwards and eastwards to accumulate at the northeastern margins of the basin centered around Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada (2-4). The oil became severely biodegraded during this journey and following its placement at low depth and low temperature in the Athabasca, Cold Lake, and Peace River oil sands deposits that exist today. Biodegradation of low-molecular-weight components caused the oil to become more viscous, with the viscosity ranging from 1 cP for initially formed nondegraded light oil to 10 6 cP for heavily biodegraded, eastern Athabasca oil sands bitumen, which is currently in place (5-11). Bitumen is therefore depleted of low-molecular-weight aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and enriched in polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including alkylnaphthalenes or alkylphenanthrenes, as well as in naphthenic acids (NAs), resins, and asphaltenes (12)(13)(14). The ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Roles of Thermophiles and Fungi in Bitumen Degradation in Mostly Cold Oil Sands Outcrops

Wong

Caffrey

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…High-maturity crude oils commonly exhibit high contents of aromatic compounds [8]. During the microbial alteration (biodegradation) of crude oil, an increase in the biodegradation stage is expressed by a decrease in the relative abundance of light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and by an increase in the degree of aromaticity [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only the coupling of an LDI/MALDI source with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) [8,[22][23][24][25] offers the highest available mass resolution, mass resolving power, and mass accuracy, which all enable the analysis of complex petroleum mixtures on a molecular level [26]. High-resolution MS data have shown that it is possible to discriminate among different compounds [27,28] because of the different ionization efficiencies of the constituents of crude oil [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser desorption ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry and CARSPLS for predicting basic nitrogen and aromatics contents in crude oils

Terra

Filgueiras

Tose

et al. 2015

Fuel

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Recent developments in atmospheric pressure photoionization‐mass spectrometry

Kauppila

Syage

Benter

2015

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

110

108

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Recent developments in atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), which is one of the three most important ionization techniques in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, are reviewed. The emphasis is on the practical aspects of APPI analysis, its combination with different separation techniques, novel instrumental developments - especially in gas chromatography and ambient mass spectrometry - and the applications that have appeared in 2009-2014. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:423-449, 2017.

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The impact of thermal maturity level on the composition of crude oils, assessed using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry

Cited by 127 publications

References 31 publications

Roles of Thermophiles and Fungi in Bitumen Degradation in Mostly Cold Oil Sands Outcrops

Roles of Thermophiles and Fungi in Bitumen Degradation in Mostly Cold Oil Sands Outcrops

Laser desorption ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry and CARSPLS for predicting basic nitrogen and aromatics contents in crude oils

Recent developments in atmospheric pressure photoionization‐mass spectrometry

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