The Impact of Tipuana tipu Species on Local Human Thermal Comfort Thresholds in Different Urban Canyon Cases in Mediterranean Climates: Lisbon, Portugal

Nouri, A. Santos; Fröhlich, Dominik; Silva, María Matos; Matzarakis, Andreas

doi:10.3390/atmos9010012

Cited by 26 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Within the specified study that considered bioclimatic conditions in Freiburg during the summer period, the following was verified: (i) when comparing the results against the PS grades, unlike PET outcomes, almost no “extreme heat stress” periods were presented; and, (ii) overall, the probability of comfortable thermal conditions (i.e., of “no thermal stress”) was higher with the application of the mPET index. In line with these outputs, analogous results were also obtained by the authors of [22,23,62], particularly during periods of more accentuated thermal stimuli. …”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Consequently, to determine the actual V , which directly influence the gravity center of the human body, as specified by Kuttler [63]; the results from the meteorological station were adapted to a height of 1.1 m (henceforth expressed as V 1.1 ). Similarly to the studies conducted by the authors of [19,22,23], the formula presented in the literature [63,64] was used (Equation (1)), as follows:

V_{1.1} = V_{h}^{*} {(\frac{1.1}{h})}^{α} α = {0.12}^{*} z_{0} + 0.18

where V h is the m/s at the height of h (10 m); α is an empirical exponent, depending on urban surface roughness; and Z 0 (m) is the corresponding roughness length.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Comparable to the morphological layout within the study of Algeciras and Matzarakis [19] in Barcelona, and moreover, identical to Nouri, Costa, and Matzarakis [22], and Nouri, Fröhlich, Silva, and Matzarakis [23] who also undertook their study in Lisbon’s historical center, the variables of Z 0 and α were calibrated to 1.0 and 0.35, respectively. In addition to these climatological aspects, the calibration of the RayMan model was based on the default standing “standardized man” (equating to a height of 1.75 m, a weight of 75 kg, the age of 35, a heat transfer of clothing (clo) of 0.90, and an internal heat production of 80 watts) [9,27].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As shown in Figure 1, each fixed point (henceforth reference point (RP)) within the UCCs was tested within the SkyHelios model (Research Center Human Biometeorology; Freiburg, Germany; ) [72,73], to identify the SVF SP at each RP. Such a methodology was already utilized by numerous other studies ([23,54,69] for symmetrical canyons, and [55,74] for asymmetrical canyons). Within this study, and referring to the predominant symmetry that is characteristic of Lisbon’s historical quarter, all of the modelled UCCs were symmetrically constructed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering these thresholds, and as reinforced by numerous recent studies [7,23,24,25], the human thermo-physiological perception of thermal conditions exceeds that of solely T a , and conglomerates with numerous other imperative climatic variables. Within these studies, it was demonstrated that to effectively evaluate the influence of the thermal environment on individuals, it was necessary to use thermal indices centered on the energy balance of the human body [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Beyond Singular Climatic Variables—Identifying the Dynamics of Wholesome Thermo-Physiological Factors for Existing/Future Human Thermal Comfort during Hot Dry Mediterranean Summers

Nouri

Charalampopoulos

Matzarakis

2018

IJERPH

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Centered on hot dry Mediterranean summer climates, this study assesses the climatic data that was extracted from Lisbon’s meteorological station between the years of 2012 and 2016. Focused on the summer period, existing outdoor human thermal comfort levels that are already prone to extreme heat stress thresholds were evaluated. Such an assessment was rooted around identifying the relationship and discrepancies between singular climatic variables (e.g., air Temperature (Ta)); and adapted thermos-physiological indices (e.g., the modified physiologically equivalent temperature (mPET)), which also consider the influence of radiation fluxes over the human body. In addition, default urban canyon case studies (UCCs) were utilized to supplement how both differ and influence one another, especially under extreme weather conditions including heat waves events (HWE), and very hot days (VHD). Through the use of wholesome thermo-physiological indices, the study revealed that while human health and thermal comfort is already prone to extreme physiological stress (PS) grades during one of the hottest months of the year, the current extremes could be drastically surpassed by the end of the century. Within the examined UCCs, it was identified that the projected PET could reach values of 58.3 °C under a projected climate change RCP8.5/SRES A1FI scenario. Similarly, and in terms of thermo-physiological stress loads, the following could happen: (i) a future “cooler summer day” could present similar conditions to those currently found during a ‘typical summer day; (ii) a future ‘typical summer day’ could present hourly physiological equivalent temperature load (PETL) that recurrently surpassed those currently found during a “very hot day”; and, (iii) a future “very hot day” could reveal severe hourly PETL values that reached 35.1 units beyond the established “no thermal stress” class.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

V_{1.1} = V_{h}^{*} {(\frac{1.1}{h})}^{α} α = {0.12}^{*} z_{0} + 0.18

where V h is the m/s at the height of h (10 m); α is an empirical exponent, depending on urban surface roughness; and Z 0 (m) is the corresponding roughness length.…”