The impact of trophy hunting on lions (Panthera leo) and other large carnivores in the Bénoué Complex, northern Cameroon

Croes, Barbara M.; Funston, Paul J.; Rasmussen, Gregory S. A.; Buij, Ralph; Adam, Saleh; Tumenta, Pricelia N.; Iongh, Hans H. de

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.09.013

Cited by 54 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The African lion (Panthera leo) exemplifies the challenges of carnivore conservation: widespread habitat loss (4), extensive prey base depletion (5-7), indiscriminate retaliatory or preemptive killing to protect humans and their livestock (8)(9)(10), poorly regulated sport hunting (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), and demand for traditional African and Chinese medicines (19). Although lions are relatively well-studied compared with most large felids, regional-scale population estimates remain scant across much of its range (20), and population surveys are generally repeated at irregular intervals because of the inherent difficulty of counting lions (21,22) and shortage of funds for systematic surveys.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lion ( Panthera leo ) populations are declining rapidly across Africa, except in intensively managed areas

Bauer

Chapron

Nowell³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

287

254

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We compiled all credible repeated lion surveys and present time series data for 47 lion (Panthera leo) populations. We used a Bayesian state space model to estimate growth rate-λ for each population and summed these into three regional sets to provide conservation-relevant estimates of trends since 1990. We found a striking geographical pattern: African lion populations are declining everywhere, except in four southern countries (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe). Population models indicate a 67% chance that lions in West and Central Africa decline by onehalf, while estimating a 37% chance that lions in East Africa also decline by one-half over two decades. We recommend separate regional assessments of the lion in the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species: already recognized as critically endangered in West Africa, our analysis supports listing as regionally endangered in Central and East Africa and least concern in southern Africa. Almost all lion populations that historically exceeded ∼500 individuals are declining, but lion conservation is successful in southern Africa, in part because of the proliferation of reintroduced lions in small, fenced, intensively managed, and funded reserves. If management budgets for wild lands cannot keep pace with mounting levels of threat, the species may rely increasingly on these southern African areas and may no longer be a flagship species of the once vast natural ecosystems across the rest of the continent.L arge carnivores are generally declining worldwide (1), but trends vary according to geography (2) and the severity of threats posed to humans (3). The African lion (Panthera leo) exemplifies the challenges of carnivore conservation: widespread habitat loss (4), extensive prey base depletion (5-7), indiscriminate retaliatory or preemptive killing to protect humans and their livestock (8-10), poorly regulated sport hunting (11-18), and demand for traditional African and Chinese medicines (19). Although lions are relatively well-studied compared with most large felids, regional-scale population estimates remain scant across much of its range (20), and population surveys are generally repeated at irregular intervals because of the inherent difficulty of counting lions (21, 22) and shortage of funds for systematic surveys. No reliable data are available for Angola, Central African Republic, Somalia, South Sudan, and Ethiopia. Furthermore, systematic surveys are absent from large areas of potential lion habitat in countries with a rich tradition of wildlife research, such as Zambia and Tanzania.With widespread declines in many reserves (23) and rapid deterioration of the lion's status in a substantial portion of the species' range (24), there is growing concern that lion numbers may be declining rapidly, leading to the lion's consideration for listing as threatened or endangered on the US Endangered Species Act. The lion is currently listed as vulnerable on the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List and would be considered endangered i...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lion ( Panthera leo ) populations are declining rapidly across Africa, except in intensively managed areas

Bauer

Chapron

Nowell³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

287

254

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“…However, illegal hunting benefits accrue to only a few people whereas those for sport hunting are broad-based benefits that contribute towards local community development, conservation financing, and the national economy at large. On the other hand, hunting indirectly in the park triggers source and sink dynamics of trophy individuals between the park and hunting area and adverse effects on wildlife populations in protected areas [132]. Incidences where trophy hunting is thought to have been conducted along the boundaries of protected areas have been reported for lions and other carnivores in western Zimbabwe [133] and northern Zimbabwe [134].…”

Section: Emerging Issues In Trophy Hunting Industry and Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Trophy Hunting, Conservation, and Rural Development in Zimbabwe: Issues, Options, and Implications

Muposhi

Gandiwa

Bartels

et al. 2016

International Journal of Biodiversity

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Trophy hunting has potential to support conservation financing and contribute towards rural development. We conducted a systematic review of the Zimbabwean trophy hunting perspective spanning from pre-1890 to 2015, by examining the following: (1) evolution of legal instruments, administration, and governance of trophy hunting, (2) significance of trophy hunting in conservation financing and rural development, and (3) key challenges, emerging issues in trophy hunting industry, and future interventions. Our review shows that (i) there has been a constant evolution in the policies related to trophy hunting and conservation in Zimbabwe as driven by local and international needs; (ii) trophy hunting providing incentives for wildlife conservation (e.g., law enforcement and habitat protection) and rural communities' development. Emerging issues that may affect trophy hunting include illegal hunting, inadequate monitoring systems, and hunting bans. We conclude that trophy hunting is still relevant in wildlife conservation and rural communities' development especially in developing economies where conservation financing is inadequate due to fiscal constraints. We recommend the promotion of net conservation benefits for positive conservation efforts and use of wildlife conservation credits for the opportunity costs associated with reducing trophy hunting off-take levels and promoting nonconsumptive wildlife use options.

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“…We are aware of only five hZ managers who have commissioned wildlife surveys of their respective zones, and not more than once since 2005. This lack of wildlife monitoring hides the decline in key animal populations (lion, elephant, buffalo, large antelopes) in many sport hunting zones (Croes et al 2011, Scholte 2011, with off-take quotas being based at best on guesswork, and at worst established to maximize tax revenue or to meet customers' requests (Lindsey et al 2007).…”

Section: An Incentive-based Approach Flawed By the State's Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does trophy hunting remain a profitable business model for conserving biodiversity in Cameroon?

Lescuyer¹,

Ngouhouo-Poufoun²,

Defo³

et al. 2016

int. forest. rev.

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SUMMARYIn Central Africa, trophy hunting constitutes an incentive-based approach for sustainable wildlife management. We collected data from the wildlife administration, safari hunting enterprises and local wildlife management committees, to provide an order of magnitude of the financial performance of this sector in Cameroon. In 2012, trophy hunting was likely to generate an annual turnover of € 7.5 million and its added value could amount to only 0.0001% of GDP although these hunting zones cover 12% of the national territory. The profit margin for professional guides had become negative, with a net annual profit around € -0.7 million. The severe crisis in the trophy hunting sector is mainly due to an increase in the management costs of the hunting zones and the diminishing price of hunting safaris. The State plays a crucial role in enhancing the financial attractiveness of trophy hunting by the restoration of security in the Northern region and by technical measures to (1) clarify the allocation process for hunting areas, (2) simplify regulations and (3) establish an incentives system for law enforcement at national and local levels.Keywords: sport hunting, sustainable wildlife management, hunting zone, conservation La chasse sportive reste-t-elle un modèle rentable pour conserver la biodiversité au Cameroun?En Afrique centrale, la chasse sportive constitue une approche incitative pour la gestion durable de la faune sauvage. Nous avons collecté des données auprès de l'administration en charge de la faune, des entreprises de safari de chasse et des comités locaux de gestion de la faune pour produire un ordre de grandeur des performances financières de ce secteur au Cameroun. En 2012, la chasse sportive a probablement généré un chiffre d'affaires annuel autour de 7.5 millions d'Euros et sa valeur ajoutée a pu contribuer à seulement 0.0001% du PIB, alors que les zones de chasse sportive couvrent 12% du territoire national. La marge de profit des guides professionnels était devenue négative, avec un profit annuel autour de -0.7 million d'Euros. La crise sévère que traverse le secteur de la chasse sportive est principalement due à une augmentation des coûts de gestion des zones de chasse et au prix décroissant de ces safaris. L'Etat joue un rôle crucial pour rehausser l'attractivité de ce secteur en rétablissant la sécurité dans la région Nord et par des mesures techniques visant à (1) clarifier le processus d'allocation des zones de chasse, (2) simplifier la réglementation et (3) établir un système incitatif de mise en oeuvre de la loi aux échelles nationale et locale. ¿es la caza de trofeo un modelo económico rentable para la conservación de la biodiversidad en Camerún?En África central, la caza de trofeo consiste en un enfoque basado en incentivos para la gestión sostenible de la fauna. Compilamos datos de la administración pública a cargo de la fauna, de empresas de safari y caza, y de comités locales de gestión de la fauna, para proveer un orden de magnitud del desempeño financiero de este sector en Camerún. E...

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The impact of trophy hunting on lions (Panthera leo) and other large carnivores in the Bénoué Complex, northern Cameroon

Cited by 54 publications

References 25 publications

Lion ( Panthera leo ) populations are declining rapidly across Africa, except in intensively managed areas

Lion ( Panthera leo ) populations are declining rapidly across Africa, except in intensively managed areas

Trophy Hunting, Conservation, and Rural Development in Zimbabwe: Issues, Options, and Implications

Does trophy hunting remain a profitable business model for conserving biodiversity in Cameroon?

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