The Impact of Urban Form Configuration on the Urban Heat Island: The Case Study of Baghdad, Iraq

Alobaydi, Dhirgham; Bakarman, Mohammed A.; Obeidat, Bushra

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.107

Cited by 64 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In terms of the quantification of UHI, air temperature data was widely used in traditional studies, however it is constrained by the location and limited number of meteorological stations. In recent empirical analysis, utilizing remote sensing technology to obtain land surface temperature is becoming a sophisticated approach to quantify the surface UHI (Schwarz and Manceur 2015, Alobaydi et al 2016, Cao et al 2016, Zhou et al 2017. Here, we selected two Landsat 8 OLI_TRIS images of July and August in 2014-the hottest two months in a year-to derive the land surface temperature (for methods, see supplementary information).…”

Section: Urban Heat Island Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the adaptive capacity of urban form to climate stress: a case study on an urban heat island

Cui

Tang

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Urban land planning shapes the urban form and is considered to be one of the many tools important for climate adaptation. Yet there is little knowledge about the adaptive capacity of urban forms to climate stress, or of an appropriate assessment method. Through a case study on the urban heat island (UHI) in Xiamen City, China, we propose a novel approach that integrates several aspects to assess the adaptive capacity of urban form to climate stress. These aspects include the calculation of urban form, the determination of climate stress and land use modeling. Our results demonstrate that this approach is applicable for assessing the adaptive capacity of urban form in the historical, current and future multitime scales. Both urban planning aspects (e.g. population density, land use mix, road density and percentage of green open space) and landscape features (e.g. shape complexity, contiguity and compactness) are found to be key urban form drivers affecting UHI. The adaptive capacity of the urban form to UHI in Xiamen City has been declining dramatically, and is expected to continue to decline in the future as long as adaptation continues to not be integrated in urban land use planning. Our analysis suggests that urban managers need to review the past development model of land use and rethink the current approach to urban planning: most urgent is the need to take full account of adaptation in future land use planning and implementation, so as to enhance climate resilience.

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Section: Urban Heat Island Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the adaptive capacity of urban form to climate stress: a case study on an urban heat island

Cui

Tang

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…As the buildings of all three areas had the same height system (buildings of 5 to 6 oors), and the dimensions of the streets in the places where the data was collected (especially the northern and southern areas) were very similar, these similarities are also re ected in the PET difference. Aspect ratio (H/W), which is an important factor in the intensity of sunlight and shading, is among in uential elements on perceived thermal comfort (Alobaydi et al, 2016;Jamei et. al., 2017).…”

Section: Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban heat resilience at the time of global warming: evaluating the impact of the urban parks on outdoor thermal comfort

Aram

Solgi

García

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: In densely populated urban centers, increased air temperature due to urban heat island (UHI) effect can undermine the thermal comfort and health of citizens. Research has shown that large urban parks can mitigate the effect of UHIs and improve thermal comfort, especially in the warmer months of the year when temperature changes are more noticeable. This study investigated the cooling effect intensity (CEI) of the Retiro Park in the center of Madrid at three different distances from its southern edge and the impact of this cooling effect on thermal comfort from physiological and psychological perspectives. This investigation was performed by measuring microclimate data and conducting a survey simultaneously during the summer days. Results: The results showed that the CEI of the park varies with distance from its edge. Because of this effect, air temperature within the 130m and 280m distance of the park was respectively 1.6°C and 0.9°C lower than the temperature at the 520m distance (the nearest heat island). After examining the effect of the park in terms of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), it was found that the PET at the 130m and 280m distance of the park was 9.3% and 5.4% less than the PET in the heat island domain. More than 81% of the respondents (in all three areas) had a mental image of the park as the place where they would experience the highest level of outdoor thermal comfort, and this rate was higher in the areas closer to the park. The analysis of citizens’ responses about perceived thermal comfort (PTC) showed that citizens in areas with higher CEI had perceived a higher degree of thermal comfort from the psychological perspective.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the significant role of large urban parks located in the core of the populated cities in providing thermal comfort for citizens from both physiological and psychological perspectives. Additionally, the results of this study demonstrated that among the environmental (natural and artificial) factors around the park (topography, urban structure, etc.), the aspect ratio has the greatest impact on thermal comfort.

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“…Also, this study is highlight on the role of urban geometry as a potential mitigation strategy [8]. Investigation that studies the impact of urban configurations variables in hot dry climate (density, urban canyons, and orientation) in forming the UHI effect in cities is still required [2], [17]- [20]. Huge quantities of solar radiations are mainly stored and reradiated in urban areas due to massive construction material and canyon effect, which is more relevant in case of taller buildings [20].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The geometry of urban canyons can influence the speed of airflow for natural ventilation system (NVS) and also can shape shaded paths for pedestrians. This geometry is expressed by the ratio of building height (H) and street width (H/W), or the aspect ratio [16], [20].…”

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Effect of urban geometry and green area on the formation of the urban heat island in Baghdad city

Mohammed

Salman

2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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With the growth of cities, the ambient air temperatures (Ta) inside the urban areas are expected to be higher compared to the surrounding rural areas, creating urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. The city of Baghdad is an example of a hot dry climate cities and during summer, the UHI intensity is significantly affected by the extreme direct solar radiation and leads to outdoor thermal discomfort. Also it causes an increase in energy consumption and air pollution. This research work focuses on the effect of urban geometry and green area in the formation of heat island through a study of two different fabrics of residential neighbourhoods. The height to width ratio (H/W) and vegetation are adopted while the materials of buildings were unified in all study cases. Three-dimensional numerical software Envi-met 4.1 was utilized to analyze and assess the studied parameters including: ambient air temperature (Ta), street surface temperature (Ts) and mean radiant temperature (Tmrt). This study has given a better understanding of the role of urban geometry and green area on forming the UHI that influence on the microclimatic conditions in hot dry climate of the city of Baghdad. So that helped to generate guidelines of urban design and planning practices for a better thermal performance in hot and dry cities.

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The Impact of Urban Form Configuration on the Urban Heat Island: The Case Study of Baghdad, Iraq

Cited by 64 publications

References 14 publications

Assessing the adaptive capacity of urban form to climate stress: a case study on an urban heat island

Assessing the adaptive capacity of urban form to climate stress: a case study on an urban heat island

Urban heat resilience at the time of global warming: evaluating the impact of the urban parks on outdoor thermal comfort

Effect of urban geometry and green area on the formation of the urban heat island in Baghdad city

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