The impacts and opportunities of oil palm in Southeast Asia: What do we know and what do we need to know?

Sheil, Douglas; Casson, Anne; Meijaard, Erik; Noordwijk, Meline van; Gaskell, Joanne Catherine; Sunderland-Groves, Jacqui; Wertz, Karah; Kanninen, Markku

doi:10.17528/cifor/002792

Cited by 37 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…For other parts of the world, Lim et al (2005Lim et al ( , 2008, Fall et al (2010) and Weng et al (2004) also observed cooler temperatures for forests and the highest surface temperatures for barren and urban areas. In Indonesia, land transformation is often not instantaneous from forest to oil palm or rubber plantation but can be associated with several years of bare or abandoned land in-between (Sheil et al, 2009). Oil palm plantations typically have a rotation cycle of 25 years, resulting in repeating patterns with young plantations .…”

Section: Lst Patterns Across Different Land Use and Land Cover (Lulc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion of oil palm and other cash crops causes an increase of the land surface temperature in the Jambi province in Indonesia

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Indonesia is currently one of the regions with the highest transformation rate of land surface worldwide related to the expansion of oil palm plantations and other cash crops replacing forests on large scales. Land cover changes, which modify land surface properties, have a direct effect on the land surface temperature (LST), a key driver for many ecological functions. Despite the large historic land transformation in Indonesia toward oil palm and other cash crops and governmental plans for future expansion, this is the first study so far to quantify the impacts of land transformation on the LST in Indonesia. We analyze LST from the thermal band of a Landsat image and produce a highresolution surface temperature map (30 m) for the lowlands of the Jambi province in Sumatra (Indonesia), a region which suffered large land transformation towards oil palm and other cash crops over the past decades. The comparison of LST, albedo, normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI) and evapotranspiration (ET) between seven different land cover types (forest, urban areas, clear-cut land, young and mature oil palm plantations, acacia and rubber plantations) shows that forests have lower surface temperatures than the other land cover types, indicating a local warming effect after forest conversion. LST differences were up to 10.1 ± 2.6 • C (mean ± SD) between forest and clear-cut land. The differences in surface temperatures are explained by an evaporative cooling effect, which offsets the albedo warming effect.Our analysis of the LST trend of the past 16 years based on MODIS data shows that the average daytime surface temperature in the Jambi province increased by 1.05 • C, which followed the trend of observed land cover changes and exceeded the effects of climate warming. This study provides evidence that the expansion of oil palm plantations and other cash crops leads to changes in biophysical variables, warming the land surface and thus enhancing the increase of the air temperature because of climate change.

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Section: Lst Patterns Across Different Land Use and Land Cover (Lulc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion of oil palm and other cash crops causes an increase of the land surface temperature in the Jambi province in Indonesia

et al. 2017

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“…Coffee covers a relatively small area, but tends to replace habitats of particularly high biodiversity value (Phalan et al, 2013). Oil palm fruit is only fifth on a list of biodiversity threats (Phalan et al, 2013), nevertheless “Few developments generate as much controversy as the rapid expansion of oil palm into forest-rich developing countries such as Indonesia” (Sheil et al, 2009). Why some crops have received relatively little attention from conservationists is a matter of debate, yet the negative impacts of the South-East Asian oil palm industry on biodiversity, and on orangutans in particular, have been well documented and publicized (Fitzherbert et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil palm natural diversity and the potential for yield improvement

et al. 2015

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African oil palm has the highest productivity amongst cultivated oleaginous crops. Species can constitute a single crop capable to fulfill the growing global demand for vegetable oils, which is estimated to reach 240 million tons by 2050. Two types of vegetable oil are extracted from the palm fruit on commercial scale. The crude palm oil and kernel palm oil have different fatty acid profiles, which increases versatility of the crop in industrial applications. Plantations of the current varieties have economic life-span around 25–30 years and produce fruits around the year. Thus, predictable annual palm oil supply enables marketing plans and adjustments in line with the economic forecasts. Oil palm cultivation is one of the most profitable land uses in the humid tropics. Oil palm fruits are the richest plant source of pro-vitamin A and vitamin E. Hence, crop both alleviates poverty, and could provide a simple practical solution to eliminate global pro-vitamin A deficiency. Oil palm is a perennial, evergreen tree adapted to cultivation in biodiversity rich equatorial land areas. The growing demand for the palm oil threatens the future of the rain forests and has a large negative impact on biodiversity. Plant science faces three major challenges to make oil palm the key element of building the future sustainable world. The global average yield of 3.5 tons of oil per hectare (t) should be raised to the full yield potential estimated at 11–18t. The tree architecture must be changed to lower labor intensity and improve mechanization of the harvest. Oil composition should be tailored to the evolving needs of the food, oleochemical and fuel industries. The release of the oil palm reference genome sequence in 2013 was the key step toward this goal. The molecular bases of agronomically important traits can be and are beginning to be understood at the single base pair resolution, enabling gene-centered breeding and engineering of this remarkable crop.

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“…Salah satu sumber konflik kehutanan di Indonesia adalah konversi kawasan hutan (Wulan et al, 2004) yang juga merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab rusaknya kawasan hutan (Verbist et al, 2004). Konversi kawasan hutan di Indonesia paling besar dialokasikan untuk perkebunan sawit (Sheil, Casson, Meijaard, van Noordwijk, et al, 2009), yang didorong oleh besarnya kebutuhan lahan akibat meningkatnya harga dan kebutuhan biofuel di pasar dunia (Geist & Lambin, 2002;Ramdani & Hino, 2013). Conflict of interest terjadi antara pihakpihak yang ingin mempertahankan keberadaan hutan tetap dengan pihak-pihak yang mengiginkan alih fungsi hutan untuk penggunaan lain seperti perkebunan (Kartodihardjo & Supriono, 2000).…”

Section: A Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Perkebunan kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu faktor pemicu deforestasi di Indonesia karena sifat ekspansifnya yang cepat dalam waktu yang singkat (Buckland, 2005) (Koh & Wilcove, 2009) (Sheil et al, 2009), namun di sisi lain perkebunan sawit mempunyai peranan penting dalam kegiatan ekonomi di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2011 nilai ekspor hasil perkebunan sawit mencapai menjadi US $ 19.380 juta (BPS, 2011a).…”

Section: A Pendahuluanunclassified

Konflik Tata Ruang Kehutanan Dengan Tata Ruang Wilayah (Studi Kasus Penggunaan Kawasan Hutan Tidak Prosedural Untuk Perkebunan Sawit Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah)

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Purwanto

et al. 2017

BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan

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Law No. 26 Year 2007 on Spatial Planning (UUPR) mandated that all levels of government administration, ranging from the national, provincial, district/ city are obligated to prepare Spatial Plan (RTR). Until 2012, Central Kalimantan is one of the provinces which have not completed its Spatial Plan; one of the reasons was the lack of spatial integration of forestry spatial planning and provincial spatial planning of Central Kalimantan.The absence of spatial integration of forestry and provincial spatial planning of Central Kalimantan has the implication in triggering conflicts of land use. Forest areas were converted into oil palm plantations without any official procedures. There are 282 units of oil palm companies, occupying 3.9 millions hectares of forest area, with non-procedural procedures to convert forest area into oil palm plantation.To resolve this problem, the Government has revised the regulation of forest conversion by issuing PP No. 60/2012, provides opportunities for oil palm plantations, which under the Law of Forestry located in forest area but based on RTRWP of Central Kalimantan lies on APL or cultivation area, given the opportunity to re-apply the permit/license. IntisariUndang- Undang No. 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang (UUPR) mengamanatkan bahwa semua tingkatan administrasi pemerintahan, mulai dari nasional, provinsi, kabupaten/kota diwajibkan menyusun Rencana Tata Ruang (RTR). Kalimantan Tengah sampai dengan tahun 2012 merupakan salah satu Provinsi yang belum menyelesaikan Tata Ruang, salah satu penyebabnya karena belum adanya padu serasi antara tata ruang kehutanan dengan tata ruang Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah.Implikasi dari tidak adanya padu serasi antara tata ruang kehutanan dengan tata ruang provinsi Kalimantan Tengah adalah terjadinya konflik dalam penggunaan ruang, dimana terjadi penggunaan kawasan hutan tidak prosedural untuk perkebunan sawit di dalam kawasan hutan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah sebanyak 282 unit perusahaan sawit seluas 3,9 juta hektar.Upaya penyelesaian permasalahan penggunaan kawasan hutan untuk perkebunan sawit di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah diakukan dengan revisi kebijakan tentang alih fungsi hutan PP nomor 60 tahun 2012 yang memberikan kesempatan bagi perkebunan sawit yang berdasarkan Undang-Undang Kehutanan berada di dalam kawasan hutan namun berdasarkan RTRWP Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah berada di kawasan APL maupun budidaya, diberikan kesempatan untuk mengurus perijinannya.

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The impacts and opportunities of oil palm in Southeast Asia: What do we know and what do we need to know?

Cited by 37 publications

References 117 publications

Expansion of oil palm and other cash crops causes an increase of the land surface temperature in the Jambi province in Indonesia

Expansion of oil palm and other cash crops causes an increase of the land surface temperature in the Jambi province in Indonesia

Oil palm natural diversity and the potential for yield improvement

Konflik Tata Ruang Kehutanan Dengan Tata Ruang Wilayah (Studi Kasus Penggunaan Kawasan Hutan Tidak Prosedural Untuk Perkebunan Sawit Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah)

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