“…(9) Nowadays, cyber terrorism has increased. Therefore, there is an urgent need on how to prevent cyber-terrorism using modern scientific approaches such as AI ( Dilek et al, 2015 ), machine learning algorithms ( Salih et al, 2021 , Zhang et al, 2021 , Naik et al, 2021 ), mathematical models (Oludare et al, 2018), forensic DNA profiling (Oludare et al, 2018) amongst others. Likewise, there is a need for increasing forensic investigation ( Arshad et al, 2022 , Arshad et al, 2020 ) into crime scene to searching for evidence that can be used for justice.…”