The Implications of Traditional Market Development for Governance of Conflicts: an Experience from Klewer Market of Surakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

ABSTRAKPasar Klewer berdiri lebih dari 6 dekade yang lalu. Sejak keberadaannya, konflik antara stakeholder dipasar tersebut telah berulang kali terjadi. Ada berbagai kelompok kepentingan terkait dengan pasar Klewer diantaranya adalah pemerintah kota, pedagang yang mempunyai izin formal penempatan, pedagang jalanan yang mempunyai izin, pedagang yang tidak mempunyai izin dan keluarga Kasunanan Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode etnograpi untuk menunjukan interaksi antar stakeholders yang seringkali memunculkan konflik. Penyebab konflik tersebut tidak sederhana. Setiap kelompok memiliki kepentingan yang seringkali berlawanan dengan kelompok lain. Dalam beberapa kesempatan, sejumlah pedagang membentuk kelompok modal untuk memecahkan masalah tetapi seringkali malah menimbulkan konflik yang lebih besar. Terkadang konflik dapat dihindari tetapi akan muncul kembali karena akar permasalahan tidak terselesaikan. Salah satu dari sumber konflik adalah kompetisi sumber daya yang terbatas. Keterbatasan sumber daya yang dimiliki Pemerintah Kota Surakarta yang mendorong Pemerintah Kota bekerjasama dengan pihak lain yaitu Kasunanan Surakarta, Bank, perusahaan swasta dan Pemerintah Pusat untuk menyediakan sumber daya yang dibutuhkan sebagai salah satu bentuk manajemen konflik. Kata kunci: Pemecahan Masalah, Pemerintahan kolaboratif, Pedagang Pasar Tradisional, Pedagang Kaki Lima ABSTRACTKlewer market has been developing since over six decades ago. Since the beginning of its development, conflicts among stakeholders in the market have repeatedly happened. There are various interest groups associated with the market including the city government, authorized market traders with formal license placement, street traders with formal permission letter, street vendors with no legal placement, and the royal family of former monarchy of the Kasunanan 620Surakarta. By using ethnographic method, the study shows that intensive interactions amongst the associations of traditional market traders, the City government, street traders and other interest groups of Klewer market created conflicts. The causes of conflicts are not simple. Each group of traders tends to have its own interest agenda that contradict to that of the others. In some occasions, a group of traders built social capital intended to resolve conflict but it is not always the case because it tends to be used for maximizing its own interests but at the expense of others so that vigorous conflict is unavoidable. Sometimes a conflict was managed by avoidance but it is easy to raise again since the roots of conflict were not entirely resolved. One of the causes of conflict was the competition for limited resources among diverse interest groups. Since the city government of Surakarta has insufficient resources, it collaborated with other parties including the royal family of the former Surakarta monarchy, state banks, private enterprises and the central government to provide the required resources which is the part of governance of conflict.

Third-Party Intervention in Asymmetric Conflict Resolution Pasar Raya Padang Post-Earthquake in 2009

“…Market facilities having a different value, depending on their function in economic activity. The market can also be seen point of view of conflict, where market is a place of conflict [2] [3]. When a market is space and time are full of competitions or conflicts then market must be special attention from various parties.…”

The Dynamics of Conflict in Blimbing Market Development Malang City

“…Conflict as an agent to strengthen society is a longheld idea by propagandists, which can create enemies in their absence or seek to engender antagonism against an inactive enemy (Ritzer, 2014b). In line with this, market development practices not only decide what actions will benefit which groups, but which goals will be pursued and sacrifice other groups (Goldsworthy, 1988;Sudarmo, 2016).…”

“…In contrast to the construction of traditional markets abroad, which are supported by market traders (Lee, 2017), the development of traditional markets in Indonesia has actually led to various kinds of conflicts between the government and traders (Sudarmo, 2016). This is reinforced from the view of Fahmi, et al, 2016, who stated that the modernization policy of traditional markets in Indonesia is currently focused on creating new markets rather than revitalizing old markets because of the large potential for conflict and more budget efficient.…”