The Importance of Age and Smoking in Evaluating Adverse Cytogenetic Effects of Exposure to Environmental Agents

Tucker, James D.; Moore, Danielle

doi:10.2307/3432810

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Data from in vitro and animal studies indicate that the BBF cycles may be initiated by shortening of telomere repeat sequences as well, leading to impaired integrity of chromosome termini and telomeric associations between chromosomes (Artandi & DePinho 2000). Smoking is also an environmental factor that has been implicated in higher translocation yields (Tucker & Moore 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Differential radiation effects in smokers – culture time dependence of the yield of gamma ray-induced chromosome damage in first division metaphases

Krishnaja

Sharma

2006

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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TA in conventional or FPG stained metaphase chromosomes is not a sensitive cytogenetic marker for mutagen exposed population screening. Higher radiation induced CA frequencies in M1 cells with extended culture time were indicative of a delay in cell cycle progression of aberrant cells or different lymphocyte subset populations. Bridge-breakage-fusion (BBF) events due to dicentrics may be instrumental in the perpetuation of chromosomal instability. Differential effects were noted in radiation-induced dicentric, SCE and MN frequencies in smokers compared to non-smokers. Heavy smoking could be a confounding variable in chromosome-based biodosimetry and biomonitoring studies. Giant cells may denote a switch to amitotic modes of cell survival, providing additional mechanisms of genotoxic resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The translocation yield in people who smoke two packs per day for 50 years is approximately 1 per 100 cells (Tucker & Moore 1996), which corresponds to a gamma dose of 10 cGy (Moore & Tucker 1999). Radiation biodosimetry calibrations are always done with blood from non-smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential radiation effects in smokers – culture time dependence of the yield of gamma ray-induced chromosome damage in first division metaphases

Krishnaja

Sharma

2006

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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“…unstable aberrations), and are therefore likely to remain in peripheral blood cells over many years (Lucas et al, 1992a, b;Lloyd et al, 1998), making them particularly useful for assessing retrospective radiation doses or lowdose rate exposures which occur over many months or years. However, because frequencies of stable aberrations vary considerably in healthy unexposed individuals and have been shown to increase with age (Tucker and Moore, 1996;Pressl et al, 1999), the accuracy of dose reconstruction depends on the assessment of pre-exposure levels.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chromosome aberrations of clonal origin are present in astronauts’ blood lymphocytes

George

Durante²,

Willingham³

et al. 2004

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Radiation-induced chromosome translocations remain in peripheral blood cells over many years, and can potentially be used to measure retrospective doses or prolonged low-dose rate exposures. However, several recent studies have indicated that some individuals possess clones of cells with balanced chromosome abnormalities, which can result in an overestimation of damage and, therefore, influence the accuracy of dose calculations. We carefully examined the patterns of chromosome damage found in the blood lymphocytes of twelve astronauts, and also applied statistical methods to screen for the presence of potential clones. Cells with clonal aberrations were identified in three of the twelve individuals. These clonal cells were present in samples collected both before and after space flight, and yields are higher than previously reported for healthy individuals in this age range (40–52 years of age). The frequency of clonal damage appears to be even greater in chromosomes prematurely condensed in interphase, when compared with equivalent analysis in metaphase cells. The individuals with clonal aberrations were followed-up over several months and the yields of all clones decreased during this period. Since clonal aberrations may be associated with increased risk of tumorigenesis, it is important to accurately identify cells containing clonal rearrangements for risk assessment as well as biodosimetry.

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Routine Diagnostic X-ray Examinations and Increased Frequency of Chromosome Translocations among U.S. Radiologic Technologists

Sigurdson

Bhatti

Preston³

et al. 2008

Cancer Research

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The U.S. population has nearly one radiographic examination per person per year, and concern about cancer risks associated with medical radiation has increased. Radiologic technologists were surveyed to determine whether their personal cumulative exposure to diagnostic X-rays was associated with increased frequencies of chromosome translocations, an established radiation biomarker and possible intermediary suggesting increased cancer risk. Within a large cohort of U.S. radiologic technologists, 150 provided a blood sample for whole chromosome painting and were interviewed about past X-ray examinations. The number and types of examinations reported were converted to a red bone marrow (RBM) dose score with units that approximated 1 mGy. The relationship between dose score and chromosome translocation frequency was assessed using Poisson regression. The estimated mean cumulative RBM radiation dose score was 49 (range, 0-303). After adjustment for age, translocation frequencies significantly increased with increasing RBM dose score with an estimate of 0.004 translocations per 100 cell equivalents per score unit (95% confidence interval, 0.002-0.007; P < 0.001). Removing extreme values or adjustment for gender, cigarette smoking, occupational radiation dose, allowing practice X-rays while training, work with radioisotopes, and radiotherapy for benign conditions did not affect the estimate. Cumulative radiation exposure from routine X-ray examinations was associated independently with increased chromosome damage, suggesting the possibility of elevated long-term health risks, including cancer. The slope estimate was consistent with expectation based on cytogenetic experience and atomic bomb survivor data. [Cancer Res 2008;68(21):8825-31]

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The Importance of Age and Smoking in Evaluating Adverse Cytogenetic Effects of Exposure to Environmental Agents

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Differential radiation effects in smokers – culture time dependence of the yield of gamma ray-induced chromosome damage in first division metaphases

Differential radiation effects in smokers – culture time dependence of the yield of gamma ray-induced chromosome damage in first division metaphases

Chromosome aberrations of clonal origin are present in astronauts’ blood lymphocytes

Routine Diagnostic X-ray Examinations and Increased Frequency of Chromosome Translocations among U.S. Radiologic Technologists

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