The importance of capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography, and ion chromatography in separations of inorganic ions

Pacáková, Věra; Coufal, Pavel; Štulı́k, Karel; Gaš, Bohuslav

doi:10.1002/elps.200305454

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Due to straightforward theoretical understanding of electromigration, many important CE parameters, such as effective mobilities of analytes, their electromigration dispersion, indirect absorbance, and conductivity signals, may be predicted by using simulation tools [10]. A number of published reports detailed computational approaches for modeling and optimizing electrolyte systems.…”

Section: Performance Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Altria and Elder [53] examined the status of CE in the analysis of small ions, including inorganic ones, emphasizing the principal application areas and instrumental innovations. Pacáková et al [10] discussed the advantages and drawbacks of CE and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) in relation to ion chromatography. A representative selection of ion separations has been examined, with special focus on methods for improving the reliability of the CE measurements, selectivity optimization, and prediction of separations.…”

Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transformation into highly UV-VIS absorbing derivatives is a common practice for trace metal determinations by CE [29]. The popularity of on-column complexation approach using watersoluble chelating reagents added to the BGE was evidenced by direct UV absorbance detection of multicomponent mixtures of transition metal ions -at the level of 10 26 M and lower -as phen [79,184,185] or 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid [186,187] complexes. The former complexing agent seems to be one of the most advantageous with respect to detectability and can likewise be used to enhance separation selectivity for alkali and alkaline-earth cations detected then in indirect UV mode [72], as well as to completely complex the analyte metal ions prior to [188,189] or after separation [190], by means of the in-capillary (zone-passing) technique.…”

Section: Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Capillary electrophoresis of inorganic ions: An update

Timerbaev

2004

Electrophoresis

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This review as a sequel of three earlier similar reports gives a summary of the progress and significant methodological developments, starting from 2002, in the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for inorganic ion analysis. As substantiated by the illustrative number of relevant references, improvements in sensitivity achieved both in and outside a CE system, advances in manipulating the separation selectivity, novel hardware configurations, and system performance innovations are continually being reported over the review period. Specifically viewed are the recent advancements in elemental (bio)speciation analysis, which remains one of the most fertile areas of CE research, as well as in three recently booming research topics: contactless conductivity detection, separations on microchips, and transient isotachophoretic preconcentration. A state-of-the-art picture of technique's potentialities within the field of interest presented here demonstrates that CE has become recognized and is growing in acceptance as a reliable alternative to traditional analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

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Section: Performance Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capillary electrophoresis of inorganic ions: An update

Timerbaev

2004

Electrophoresis

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“…Examples of analysis of inorganic and small organic ions by CE have been reported in literature and covered in several review articles [12][13][14][15][16]. CE represents a simple, inexpensive and versatile alternative to IC for determination of counter-ions in pharmaceutical salts [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Capillary Electrophoresis With Indirect Uv Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methods for Determination of Counter-ions in Pharmaceutical Salts

Rocheleau¹

2008

CPA

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Inorganic ions as well as organic acids or bases are frequently employed as counter-ions of ionizable drug substances. Therefore, analytical methods are required to confirm production of the correct salt form and to quantify the level of the counter-ion present in each batch of drug substances manufactured. Several options exist for determination of counter-ions in pharmaceutical salts and will be discussed in this review. Ion chromatography (IC) with conductivity detection is probably the most frequently employed method for ion determination. Other techniques such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) represent an alternative to IC for determination of counter-ions in pharmaceutical salts. Due to the lack of chromophores, detection of small ions in CE is typically performed using indirect UV detection. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) with evaporative light-scattering (ELSD) or refractive index detection can also be used for determination of non-UV absorbing ions. Each technique will be described and their advantages highlighted. Current and future trends in measuring counter-ions in pharmaceutical salts will also be discussed.

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“…The CE method developed was applied to separate the inorganic ions from high matrices with trace amounts of sample, < μL, and the analytical results were compared with classical analytical techniques [32]- [34]. As expected, the newly developed methods show high resolving power and fast analysis, thanks to the absence of any sample pretreatment and the simultaneous detection of anions and cations in a scan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Analysis of Plating Solutions Used in the Microelectronic Manufacturing Process Employing Capillary Electrophoresis

Chang

Sung

Lim

2014

IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manufact.

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Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is found to be suitable for determining the concentration of inorganic ions in the copper and gold plating solutions used in the semiconductor manufacturing process. Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris buffer) with added pyridine dicarboxylic acid (PDC) allows the simultaneous detection of sulfate and copper ions, and adding chromate allows the separation of Cl − from the sulfate matrix. When the methods developed are applied to process chemicals, the new analytical technique agrees well with that of current standard techniques within 99.5% (±0.99). The detection limits of these inorganic ions ranged from 0.99 to 2.32 μg/mL, with relative standard deviations (n = 4) ranging from 0.38% to 10.3%. A method to separate sulfite from sulfate was also developed for gold plating solutions. The optimized method successfully permits determination of sulfite and sulfate with concentrations of 4.65% (± 0.43) and 4.32% (± 0.37), respectively. These methods can lower production cost, raise production efficiency, and increase the chemical lifetime in the semiconductor manufacturing process through simplified process control, waste reduction, and recycling.

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The importance of capillary electrophoresis, capillary electrochromatography, and ion chromatography in separations of inorganic ions

Cited by 27 publications

References 64 publications

Capillary electrophoresis of inorganic ions: An update

Capillary electrophoresis of inorganic ions: An update

Analytical Methods for Determination of Counter-ions in Pharmaceutical Salts

Analysis of Plating Solutions Used in the Microelectronic Manufacturing Process Employing Capillary Electrophoresis

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