The Importance of Cumulus Parameterization and Resolution in Simulating Rainfall over Peninsular Malaysia

Amirudin, Abdul Azim; Salimun, Ester; Zuhairi, Muhamad; Tangang, Fredolin; Juneng, Liew; Mohd, Mohd Syazwan Faisal; Chung, Jing Xiang

doi:10.3390/atmos13101557

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Amirudin et al (2022) [40] performed simulations of precipitation over Peninsular Malaysia from 2013 to 2018 for assessing cumulus schemes at resolutions of 25, 5, and 1.6 km, reporting that at 5 km, the best performing scheme was the Betts-Miller-Janjic. The finest resolution at 1.6 km simulation showed significant added value as it was the only simulation to capture the high precipitation intensity in the morning and a precipitation peak during the evening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Cumulus Options from WRF-Chem in Atmospheric Modeling in the Andean Region of Southern Ecuador

Parra

2024

Preprint

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Cumulus parameterization schemes model the subgrid-scale effects of moist convection, affecting the prognostic of cloud formation, rainfall, energy levels reaching the surface, and air quality. Working with a spatial resolution of 1 km, we studied the influence of cumulus parameterization schemes coded in the Weather Research &amp; Forecasting with Chemistry Version 3.2 (WRF-Chem 3.2) for atmospheric modeling in Cuenca, an Andean city of Southern Ecuador (2500 masl), during September 2014. For assessing the performance, we used meteorological records from the urban area and stations located mainly over the Cordillera, with heights above 3000 masl, and air quality records from the urban area. Firstly, we did not use any cumulus parameterization (0 No Cumulus). Then we considered four schemes: 1 Kain-Fritsch, 2 Betts-Miller-Janjic, 3 Grell-Devenyi, and 4 Grell-3 Ensemble. On average, the 0 No Cumulus option was better for modeling meteorological variables over the urban area, capturing 66.5% of records and being the best for precipitation (77.8%). However, 1 Kaint-Fritsch was better for temperature (78.7%) and 3 Grell-Devenyi for wind speed (77.0%) and wind direction (37.9%). All the options provided acceptable and comparable performances for modeling short-term and long-term air quality variables. The results suggested that using no cumulus scheme could be beneficial for holistically modeling meteorological and air quality variables in the urban area. However, all the options, including deactivating the cumulus scheme, overestimated the total amount of precipitation over the Cordillera, implying that its modeling needs to be improved, particularly for studies on water supply and hydrological management. New WRF-Chem versions and microphysics parameterization, the other component directly related to cloud and rainfall processes, must be assessed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Cumulus Options from WRF-Chem in Atmospheric Modeling in the Andean Region of Southern Ecuador

Parra

2024

Preprint

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“…(2019) and Amirudin et al. (2022). The 1‐km spatial and 6‐s temporal resolution of the innermost domain follows previous studies which successfully carried out hail simulations within this range (Chevuturi et al., 2014; Luo et al., 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Understanding the Role of Sea Surface Temperature and Urbanization on Severe Thunderstorms Dynamics: A Case Study in Surabaya, Indonesia

Sari,

Manola,

Tsiringakis

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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Within the period 2014‐2017, five hail events were reported in the city of Surabaya in Indonesia. Although deep convection commonly develops over the Maritime Continent, severe thunderstorms triggering hail events develop less frequently as specific atmospheric conditions are required. The rapid urbanization in Surabaya might have led to increased heat release to the atmosphere and to the deepening of convection, which raises the question of whether urbanization is the culprit of the recent hail events in Surabaya. Hence, for a selected hail event, we used the high‐resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to understand the storm dynamics and to explore the role of urbanization, sea surface temperature, and aerosol concentration on the storm dynamics with a total of eleven scenarios. The control simulation reveals that low‐level convergence induced by a sea breeze creates instability. At the same time, the urban heat release enhances the energy supply to induce hail formation and retain the storm’s lifetime over the city. A factor separation method revealed that the urbanization (added anthropogenic heat flux (AH), urban aerosol, and the rise in building height) and the sea surface temperature increase contribute to the storm enhancement over Surabaya, producing two times higher updraft velocity, doubling the maximum graupel mass mixing ratio and finally resulting in 15‐30% higher accumulated precipitation over Surabaya, compared to the control simulation.

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“…In [50], the authors conducted tests using various cumulus parameterization schemes to determine their capabilities in forecasting rainfall in Southeast Asia with the use of high spatial resolutions. In [51], it was shown that the application of Deng's shallow convection scheme [35] for grids with a resolution of 9 km exhibits a clear similarity of course with respect to the WRF-LES (large-eddy simulations) parameterization. The authors suggest that for higher resolutions, the waveform will be even more similar to the reference values (WRF-LES).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Domain Nesting on High-Resolution Forecasts of Solar Conditions in Central and Eastern Europe

Mierzwiak

Kroszczyński

2023

Energies

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The article presents a study on the impact of the domain nesting method on the results of simulated solar conditions using the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting model. The analysis included 8 consecutive days (July 2022), which were characterized by cloudless conditions, as well as complex situations related to the passing of a cold front. The study covered a region located in Central and Eastern Europe—the southern area of eastern Germany. The results of the model simulations using the adopted domain configurations (with spatial resolutions of 9, 3, and 1 km; 3 and 1 km; and 5 and 1 km) were compared to data from ground measurements from Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) stations. The effect of the duration of the triggered prediction on the quality of the output data was also investigated, and for this purpose, short-term predictions covering 24 and 48 h, respectively, were selected. Research revealed the advantages of one combination of domains—3 and 1 km—over the others and showed that the results of simulations with different duration lengths were characterized by consistent results. Research supports the demand for high-quality forecasts of solar conditions, which are extremely important in the process of managing energy systems.

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The Importance of Cumulus Parameterization and Resolution in Simulating Rainfall over Peninsular Malaysia

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Impact of Cumulus Options from WRF-Chem in Atmospheric Modeling in the Andean Region of Southern Ecuador

Impact of Cumulus Options from WRF-Chem in Atmospheric Modeling in the Andean Region of Southern Ecuador

Understanding the Role of Sea Surface Temperature and Urbanization on Severe Thunderstorms Dynamics: A Case Study in Surabaya, Indonesia

Impact of Domain Nesting on High-Resolution Forecasts of Solar Conditions in Central and Eastern Europe

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