“…Finally, individual‐level factors affect the impact of climate change. Farmer perceptions of and responses to climate change are shaped by experience on the land (Cunsolo‐Willox et al., 2012; Petzold et al., 2020) and knowledge of climate change and potential adaptation strategies (Belay et al., 2022; Datta et al., 2022; Murken & Gornott, 2022). The niece of one of the livestock farmers interviewed, who grew up working on her family's farm, argues: The mountains have been largely abandoned, but there is a bit of a return.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The impact of climate change on farming specifically has been shown to vary based on individual, institutional, and social level factors (Datta et al, 2022;Deressa et al, 2011;Niles et al, 2015;Woods et al, 2017). Individual-level factors such as access to land, income, credit, and information about climate change shape farmer responses to change (e.g., Belay et al, 2022;Datta et al, 2022;Murken & Gornott, 2022). For example, Ceci et al (2021) showed that for small-scale farmers in Guinea, having off-farm income reduces the risks linked to climate change.…”
Section: Background Climate Change and Agriculturementioning
This article discusses how climate changes are intersecting with other environmental and social pressures to affect farmers in the Lombardy region of the central Italian Alps. Alpine areas are particularly susceptible to climate change. Natural sciences studies have documented widespread changes to weather, landscapes, and ecosystems in the Alps caused by climate and social changes, yet studies of the impact of the changes on Alpine farmers and farming practices are limited. Through semi‐structured interviews and participant observation with 40 farmers, the study demonstrates that farmers have noticed changes to the weather, ecosystems, and landscapes caused by climate and social changes. The changes are both directly affecting farming practices and intersecting with other pressures facing mountain farmers. The impact of climate change on Alpine farms varies—across even short distances—depending on the microenvironment and microclimate of the farm, the farm's degree of market integration, the personal characteristics of individual farmers, the type of agricultural activities practised, and the unique social history of the valleys under study. The article provides a window into small‐scale farming in the Alps today. As farmers respond to climate changes, they do so in a context where they are also facing myriad other challenges, some more pressing than climate change. Climate policies and programs should recognise these simultaneous challenges and be flexible to local differences in the impact of and farmer responses to change.
“…Finally, individual‐level factors affect the impact of climate change. Farmer perceptions of and responses to climate change are shaped by experience on the land (Cunsolo‐Willox et al., 2012; Petzold et al., 2020) and knowledge of climate change and potential adaptation strategies (Belay et al., 2022; Datta et al., 2022; Murken & Gornott, 2022). The niece of one of the livestock farmers interviewed, who grew up working on her family's farm, argues: The mountains have been largely abandoned, but there is a bit of a return.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The impact of climate change on farming specifically has been shown to vary based on individual, institutional, and social level factors (Datta et al, 2022;Deressa et al, 2011;Niles et al, 2015;Woods et al, 2017). Individual-level factors such as access to land, income, credit, and information about climate change shape farmer responses to change (e.g., Belay et al, 2022;Datta et al, 2022;Murken & Gornott, 2022). For example, Ceci et al (2021) showed that for small-scale farmers in Guinea, having off-farm income reduces the risks linked to climate change.…”
Section: Background Climate Change and Agriculturementioning
This article discusses how climate changes are intersecting with other environmental and social pressures to affect farmers in the Lombardy region of the central Italian Alps. Alpine areas are particularly susceptible to climate change. Natural sciences studies have documented widespread changes to weather, landscapes, and ecosystems in the Alps caused by climate and social changes, yet studies of the impact of the changes on Alpine farmers and farming practices are limited. Through semi‐structured interviews and participant observation with 40 farmers, the study demonstrates that farmers have noticed changes to the weather, ecosystems, and landscapes caused by climate and social changes. The changes are both directly affecting farming practices and intersecting with other pressures facing mountain farmers. The impact of climate change on Alpine farms varies—across even short distances—depending on the microenvironment and microclimate of the farm, the farm's degree of market integration, the personal characteristics of individual farmers, the type of agricultural activities practised, and the unique social history of the valleys under study. The article provides a window into small‐scale farming in the Alps today. As farmers respond to climate changes, they do so in a context where they are also facing myriad other challenges, some more pressing than climate change. Climate policies and programs should recognise these simultaneous challenges and be flexible to local differences in the impact of and farmer responses to change.
“…Education enables effective adaptation to climate change by preparing people for complex adaptive decision-making [ 70 ]. Land tenure security strongly incentivizes farmers to invest in climate change adaptation [ 71 ]. Traditional leaders in Zimbabwe have been useful in the governance of people in rural communities and can play a supportive role in climate change adaptation by enforcing traditional strategies for combating the negative effects of climate change [ 72 ].…”
The provision of resilience and adaptation to climate change to smallholder irrigation communities is a critical component in implementing common pool resource management. Institutions in many smallholder irrigation schemes in developing countries are diverse and have potential to contribute to building climate resilience and improving livelihoods of smallholder irrigator. Human behaviour, institutional capacity and culture play important roles in shaping adaptive capacity of communities to climate change. Although much is known about how these contribute to this adaptive capacity, research focusing on their interaction is limited. In order to close this the gap, this study seeks to explore how socio-demographic, governance and institutional factors influence adaptive capacity in Exchange, Insukamini and Ruchanyu irrigation schemes. Questionnaire-based interviews, group discussions and key informant interviews were used for data collection. Adaptive capacity calculated using the livelihood vulnerability model was used as the dependent variable for this study. Ordinary least square regression was used to assess socio-demographic, institutional and governance factors influencing adaptive capacity in the smallholder irrigation scheme. The study reveals that adaptive capacity is influenced by age, gender, education, land tenure security, irrigation committee satisfaction, cooperatives, and interaction of factors. The link between age and gender were negatively moderated by awareness of irrigation policies, access to credit and land tenure security. Assessing factors influencing adaptive capacity help to improve the livelihoods of scheme farmers in the face of climate change.
“…Transformative approaches are critical for enhancing land redistribution initiatives as they guide policy on achieving the desired outcomes [29]. The advantage of adopting transformative approaches during land reform is that they allow cross-sectoral assessment, facilitate identifying trade-offs from an integrated perspective, and reduce uncertainty as they mirror the future [30,31]. As an integrated analysis that leads to a sustainable land reform involves different sectors, including land, water, socio-economic and environmental factors, the pillars for sustainable development, we identified sustainability indicators related to each of these sectors to qualitatively assess these distinct but related sectors simultaneously.…”
Land and water are vital resources for sustaining rural livelihoods and are critical for rural development as they form the basis of agriculture, the main economic activity for rural communities. Nevertheless, in most developing countries, land and water resources are unevenly distributed due to historical and socio-economic imbalances, hence the need for land reform policies to address these disparities. However, redistributing land without considering the interconnectedness of land and socio-ecological systems can compound existing food and water insecurity challenges. This study used a mixed research method, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data, to develop a framework to guide policy and decision-makers to formulate coherent strategies towards sustainable land redistribution programmes and achieve the desired outcomes. The approach was vital for integrating the broad and intricate interlinkages between water, land, and environmental resources. Therefore, the framework is based on transformative and circular models for informing strategic policy decisions towards sustainable land redistribution. The focus was on South Africa’s land redistribution plans and the implications on water and food security and rural development. The developed framework is designed to ensure the sustainability of agrarian reform and rural economic development. It is framed to address land and water accessibility inequalities, promote water and food security, and enhance rural development. A sustainable land redistribution increases the adaptive capacity of rural communities to climate change, enhances their resilience, and provides pathways towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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