The importance of economic injury levels in the development of integrated pest control programs

Smith, Ray F.

doi:10.1007/bf01100624

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Other terms like "action threshold" (Chant 1966) and "control threshold" (SylvCn 1968) have been used to describe the same concept, but we agree with Smith (1969) who argues that the terms "economic threshold" and "economic injury level" are more easily understood and are in common use. The latter term was defined as "the lowest population density that will cause economic damage."…”

Section: Resumesupporting

confidence: 58%

Economic Thresholds and Economic Injury Levels of Cereal Aphids on Barley in Southwestern Quebec

Ba-Angood

Stewart

1980

Can Entomol

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Can. Ent. 112: 759-764 (1980) Artificial infestations of cereal aphids in caged plants were made at different growth stages of barley in the field in 1978 and 1979. Forty, 80, 160, and 200 aphidsltiller reduced grain yield significantly (P < 0.01) when introduced into caged plants at flowering and milky stages for 2 weeks. Only the 150 and 200 aphidsltiller-treatments gave significant reductions in yield when introduction was at the mealy ripe stage. Twenty aphidsltiller gave a significant reduction in yield only when they were introduced at the beginning of ear emergence and flowering, but not at the milky ripe stage. Significant reduction in percentage protein was obtained only when 160 and 200 aphidsltiller were introduced at flowering and milky ripe stages. The economic injury and threshold levels were calculated as 10-18 and 8-16 aphidsltiller, respectively, depending on rate of increase of aphids, costs of chemical control, and the value of the crop in 1978 and 1979. lorsque 160 et 200 pucerons par talle ont it8 introduits B la floraison et au stade laiteux tardif. Le niveau de dommage economique et le seuil Bconomique sont respectivement de 10-18 et 8-16 pucerons par talle, selon le taux de multiplication des pucerons, les coiits de contrBle chimique et la valeur de la recolte en 1978 et 1979.

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Section: Resumesupporting

confidence: 58%

Economic Thresholds and Economic Injury Levels of Cereal Aphids on Barley in Southwestern Quebec

Ba-Angood

Stewart

1980

Can Entomol

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“…Each term reflects a point on the seasonal population curve and implies a functional relationship between pest abundance and reduction in crop profitability. Stern (1966Stern ( , 1973 and Smith (1969) have discussed the terms and stressed that economic threshold and injury levels are not fixed. Headley (1970( , 1971( ) and Snith (1969 emphasised the iuiportance of econonistE and other?, in the computations of economic thresholds.…”

Section: Economic Injury Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Headley (1970( , 1971( ) and Snith (1969 emphasised the iuiportance of econonistE and other?, in the computations of economic thresholds. The yield/pest density data that the entomologist obtains should be balanced against cost/benefit ratios and fitted to budgetory information on variable costs of control/ fixed costs of production and marketing, and the expected income per unit cf yield » Southwood (1966), Stern (1966), andSmith (1969) discussed ecological factors which modify injury levels.…”

Section: Economic Injury Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turnipseed (1972) found continual removals caused significant yield losses when performed at the 50% and 67% but not at the 33% levels. Todd and Morgan (1972) (Smith 1969 Specially desigrxed experiments can increase precision in detecting losses and vueaauring insect abundance (Stern 1973). Statistically significant yield losses will indicate at least the damage threshold under the experimental set of field conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Larval development and consumption of soybean foliage by the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the laboratory /

Reid¹

1975

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“…Way, Grigarick, Litsinger, Palis, and Pingali (1991) suggested that the development and implementation of economic thresholds is a rational approach to pest management designed to help farmers in making pest control decisions. Determining the best control strategies depends on establishing reliable EILs to predict losses (Pimentel et al, 1965;Smith, 1969;Stern, Smith, Bosch, & Hagen, 1959). To this end, the amount of damage resulting by a pest is a prerequisite for calculating the EIL.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic injury level and crop loss assessment for Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on different tomato cultivars

Ghaderi

Fathipour

Asgari

et al. 2019

J Applied Entomology

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Specifying the relationship between pests and their host plants in terms of damage is one of the basic concepts of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. The crop loss and economic injury level (EIL) of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) were determined on different tomato cultivars using gain threshold (field experiment) and regression (semi‐field experiment) methods. By assessing the crop loss in 2015 and 2016, four out of seven infested tomato cultivars had a significant yield loss in terms of weight of total fruits versus the control under the open‐field conditions. However, the total number of tomato cultivars had no significant difference to control treatment. The semi‐field experiment included six treatments (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 gravid females/plant) and examined two tomato cultivars. The tomato cages with between 6 and 10 gravid females/plant showed the highest number and weight of damaged fruits. Based on pesticide control costs, the market value of tomato and the control efficacy, we determined the EIL for T. absoluta. In the field experiment, the EIL value for T. absoluta on “Petomech,” “Cal JN3,” “Rio Grande” and “Early Urbana Y” cultivars was 4.15, 4.47, 4.70 and 5.04 larvae per plant, respectively. Based on regression equations, we calculated the EIL values for T. absoluta on “Cal JN3” and “Early Urbana Y” to be 4.75 and 5.44 larvae/plant, respectively. Crop loss assessment and EIL are necessary components of cost‐effective IPM programs and can be effective tools for making decisions about the application of pesticides against T. absoluta.

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The importance of economic injury levels in the development of integrated pest control programs

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Economic Thresholds and Economic Injury Levels of Cereal Aphids on Barley in Southwestern Quebec

Economic Thresholds and Economic Injury Levels of Cereal Aphids on Barley in Southwestern Quebec

Larval development and consumption of soybean foliage by the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the laboratory /

Economic injury level and crop loss assessment for Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on different tomato cultivars

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