The importance of factors controlling species abundance and distribution varies in native and non‐native ranges

Hierro, José Luis; Khetsuriani, Liana; Andonian, Krikor; Eren, Özkan; Villarreal, Diego; Janoian, Grigor; Reinhart, Kurt O.; Callaway, Ragan M.

doi:10.1111/ecog.02633

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…Trait divergence may be a result of related (and neighboring) plants associating with divergent AMF communities Veresoglou & Rillig, 2014) These divergent responses likely contributed to the lack of differences between invasive and other taxa. These findings support the hypothesis that a multitude of factors (e.g., anthropogenic disturbance, plantmicrobe interactions, traits) contribute to invasiveness (Hierro et al, 2016;e.g., Maron et al, 2013;Müller, Horstmeyer, Rönneburg, van Kleunen, & Dawson, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Does responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi depend on plant invasive status?

Reinhart

Lekberg

Klironomos

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Differences in the direction and degree to which invasive alien and native plants are influenced by mycorrhizal associations could indicate a general mechanism of plant invasion, but whether or not such differences exist is unclear. Here, we tested whether mycorrhizal responsiveness varies by plant invasive status while controlling for phylogenetic relatedness among plants with two large grassland datasets. Mycorrhizal responsiveness was measured for 68 taxa from the Northern Plains, and data for 95 taxa from the Central Plains were included. Nineteen percent of taxa from the Northern Plains had greater total biomass with mycorrhizas while 61% of taxa from the Central Plains responded positively. For the Northern Plains taxa, measurable effects often depended on the response variable (i.e., total biomass, shoot biomass, and root mass ratio) suggesting varied resource allocation strategies when roots are colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In both datasets, invasive status was nonrandomly distributed on the phylogeny. Invasive taxa were mainly from two clades, that is, Poaceae and Asteraceae families. In contrast, mycorrhizal responsiveness was randomly distributed over the phylogeny for taxa from the Northern Plains, but nonrandomly distributed for taxa from the Central Plains. After controlling for phylogenetic similarity, we found no evidence that invasive taxa responded differently to mycorrhizas than other taxa. Although it is possible that mycorrhizal responsiveness contributes to invasiveness in particular species, we find no evidence that invasiveness in general is associated with the degree of mycorrhizal responsiveness. However, mycorrhizal responsiveness among species grown under common conditions was highly variable, and more work is needed to determine the causes of this variation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Does responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi depend on plant invasive status?

Reinhart

Lekberg

Klironomos

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Fewer studies have examined the effect of resilience on invasions (e.g., Hierro et al. ), but our results demonstrated that the more resilient system, the one that recovered to its pre‐disturbance cover state more quickly, was more resistant to invasion, consistent with Prediction 4 of FRH. Collectively, these findings support the premise that invasibility is an emergent community property, not well predicted by diversity or productivity alone in natural systems (Stohlgren et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The fluctuating resource hypothesis explains invasibility, but not exotic advantage following disturbance

Pearson

Ortega

Villarreal³

et al. 2018

Ecology

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Invasibility is a key indicator of community susceptibility to changes in structure and function. The fluctuating resource hypothesis (FRH) postulates that invasibility is an emergent community property, a manifestation of multiple processes that cannot be reliably predicted by individual community attributes like diversity or productivity. Yet, research has emphasized the role of these individual attributes, with the expectation that diversity should deter invasibility and productivity enhance it. In an effort to explore how these and other factors may influence invasibility, we evaluated the relationship between invasibility and species richness, productivity, resource availability, and resilience in experiments crossing disturbance with exotic seed addition in 1-m plots replicated over large expanses of grasslands in Montana, USA and La Pampa, Argentina. Disturbance increased invasibility as predicted by FRH, but grasslands were more invasible in Montana than La Pampa whether disturbed or not, despite Montana's higher species richness and lower productivity. Moreover, invasibility correlated positively with nitrogen availability and negatively with native plant cover. These patterns suggested that resource availability and the ability of the community to recover from disturbance (resilience) better predicted invasibility than either species richness or productivity, consistent with predictions from FRH. However, in ambient, unseeded plots in Montana, disturbance reduced native cover by >50% while increasing exotic cover >200%. This provenance bias could not be explained by FRH, which predicts that colonization processes act on species' traits independent of origins. The high invasibility of Montana grasslands following disturbance was associated with a strong shift from perennial to annual species, as predicted by succession theory. However, this shift was driven primarily by exotic annuals, which were more strongly represented than perennials in local exotic vs. native species pools. We attribute this provenance bias to extrinsic biogeographic factors such as disparate evolutionary histories and/or introduction filters selecting for traits that favor exotics following disturbance. Our results suggest that (1) invasibility is an emergent property best explained by a community's efficiency in utilizing resources, as predicted by FRH but (2) understanding provenance biases in biological invasions requires moving beyond FRH to incorporate extrinsic biogeographic factors that may favor exotics in community assembly.

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“…We sampled microbial communities associated with leaves (phyllosphere and endosphere) and roots (ectorhizosphere and endorhizosphere) of yellow starthistle plants in both the California invasion and native regions in Europe. Previous experiments with fungicide treatments have shown that plant-soil interactions between yellow starthistle and fungi in California are more negative (less favorable) than those in the native range, inconsistent with a role for fungi in beneficial species interactions in this invasion (45). Here, we focus on documenting the variation in bacterial communities, using high-throughput sequencing of ribosomal 16S amplicon sequences to quantify taxonomic composition and diversity of bacteria in yellow starthistle microbiomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Native and Invading Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) Microbiomes Differ in Composition and Diversity of Bacteria

Lu‐Irving

Harencar

Sounart

et al. 2019

mSphere

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Invasive species could benefit from being introduced to locations with more favorable species interactions, including the loss of enemies, the gain of mutualists, or the simplification of complex interaction networks. Microbiomes are an important source of species interactions with strong fitness effects on multicellular organisms, and these interactions are known to vary across regions. The highly invasive plant yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) has been shown to experience more favorable microbial interactions in its invasions of the Americas, but the microbiome that must contribute to this variation in interactions is unknown. We sequenced amplicons of 16S rRNA genes to characterize bacterial community compositions in the phyllosphere, ectorhizosphere, and endorhizosphere of yellow starthistle plants from seven invading populations in California, USA, and eight native populations in Europe. We tested for the differentiation of microbiomes by geography, plant compartment, and plant genotype. Bacterial communities differed significantly between native and invading plants within plant compartments, with consistently lower diversity in the microbiome of invading plants. The diversity of bacteria in roots was positively correlated with plant genotype diversity within both ranges, but this relationship did not explain microbiome differences between ranges. Our results reveal that these invading plants are experiencing either a simplified microbial environment or simplified microbial interactions as a result of the dominance of a few taxa within their microbiome. Our findings highlight several alternative hypotheses for the sources of variation that we observe in invader microbiomes and the potential for altered bacterial interactions to facilitate invasion success.IMPORTANCEPrevious studies have found that introduced plants commonly experience more favorable microbial interactions in their non-native range, suggesting that changes to the microbiome could be an important contributor to invasion success. Little is known about microbiome variation across native and invading populations, however, and the potential sources of more favorable interactions are undescribed. Here, we report one of the first microbiome comparisons of plants from multiple native and invading populations, in the noxious weed yellow starthistle. We identify clear differences in composition and diversity of microbiome bacteria. Our findings raise new questions about the sources of these differences, and we outline the next generation of research that will be required to connect microbiome variation to its potential role in plant invasions.

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The importance of factors controlling species abundance and distribution varies in native and non‐native ranges

Cited by 19 publications

References 61 publications

Does responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi depend on plant invasive status?

Does responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi depend on plant invasive status?

The fluctuating resource hypothesis explains invasibility, but not exotic advantage following disturbance

Native and Invading Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) Microbiomes Differ in Composition and Diversity of Bacteria

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