The Importance of Fiber Biopersistence and Lung Dose in Determining the Chronic Inhalation Effects of X607, RCF1, and Chrysotile Asbestos in Rats

Hesterberg, Thomas W.; Hart, G.A.; Chevalier, J.; Miiller, W. C.; Hamilton, R. D.; Bauer, John; Thévenaz, P.

doi:10.1006/taap.1998.8522

Cited by 70 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The mean length of the long crocidolite was 5.4 µm, and the mean length of short one was 1.2 µm. Since O 2 -is also related to H 2 O 2 generation, our result that ability to induce CL was similar with under 17) . Previous study demonstrated that the calculated fiber number >5 µm in length required for inducing a 25% tumour risk differed between various fiber samples depending on fiber size and durability 5) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

The Chemiluminescent Response from Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Exposed to Various Mineral Fibers of Different Sizes.

2000

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The aims of the present work were to quantify ability to induce lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) from 6-9 day-old human monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to various mineral fibers, and to examine the relationship between ability to induce CL and fiber size. All fiber samples induced the CL response from the cells. The relationship between the number of fibers administered and the CL response was examined on all fiber samples by linear regression. The slope of the regression line supplies an approximation of the ability to induce CL. A strong increased correlation between geometric-mean length of fibers and ability to induce CL was observed for the seven fiber samples more than 6 µm in length (r=0.9895). Geometric-mean width and the ability to induce CL showed no correlation. However, among the two fiber samples having a similar length distribution (RF2, RF3), the wider width sample (RF3, 2.4 µm) demonstrated lower ability to induce the CL than the narrower width sample (RF2, 1.1 µm). The present method enabled comparison of ability to induce lucigenin-dependent CL from human monocyte-derived macrophages for various mineral fibers with different sizes. Our findings suggested the possibility that ability to induce O 2 -production increased with fiber length, when fibers are longer than approximately 6 µm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

The Chemiluminescent Response from Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Exposed to Various Mineral Fibers of Different Sizes.

2000

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“…A number of authors (e.g., Bernstein et al, 1996;Hadley, 1995, 1996;Hesterberg et al, 1998aHesterberg et al, , 1998b indicate that a correlation exists between a fiber's biodurability and its bioactivity (including carcinogenicity) and that the biodurability of a fiber is inversely related to its dissolution rate in biological fluids. However, many studies of this issue suffer from certain methodological limitations that limit their utility for quantitatively distinguishing among the effects of differing asbestos mineral types (Berman and Crump, 2003, Section 6.2.4).…”

Section: Biodurabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis of Asbestos-Related Cancer Risk That Addresses Fiber Size and Mineral Type

Berman¹,

Crump

2008

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

246

181

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Quantitative estimates of the risk of lung cancer or mesothelioma in humans from asbestos exposure made by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) make use of estimates of potency factors based on phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) and obtained from cohorts exposed to asbestos in different occupational environments. These potency factors exhibit substantial variability. The most likely reasons for this variability appear to be differences among environments in fiber size and mineralogy not accounted for by PCM.In this article, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) models for asbestos-related lung cancer and mesothelioma are expanded to allow the potency of fibers to depend upon their mineralogical types and sizes. This is accomplished by positing exposure metrics composed of nonoverlapping fiber categories and assigning each category its own unique potency. These category-specific potencies are estimated in a meta-analysis that fits the expanded models to potencies for lung cancer (K L 's) or mesothelioma (K M 's) based on PCM that were calculated for multiple epidemiological studies in our previous paper (Berman and Crump, 2008). Epidemiological study-specific estimates of exposures to fibers in the different fiber size categories of an exposure metric are estimated using distributions for fiber size based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) obtained from the literature and matched to the individual epidemiological studies. The fraction of total asbestos exposure in a given environment respectively represented by chrysotile and amphibole asbestos is also estimated from information in the literature for that environment. Adequate information was found to allow K L 's from 15 epidemiological studies and K M 's from 11 studies to be included in the meta-analysis.Since the range of exposure metrics that could be considered was severely restricted by limitations in the published TEM fiber size distributions, it was decided to focus attention on four exposure metrics distinguished by fiber width: "all widths," widths >0.2 µm, widths <0.4 µm, and widths <0.2 µm, each of which has historical relevance. Each such metric defined by width was composed of four categories of fibers: chrysotile or amphibole asbestos with lengths between 5 µm and 10 µm or longer than 10 µm. Using these metrics three parameters were estimated for lung cancer and, separately, for mesothelioma: K L A , the potency of longer (length >10 µm) amphibole fibers; rpc, the potency of pure chrysotile (uncontaminated by amphibole) relative to amphibole asbestos; and rps, the potency of shorter fibers (5 µm < length < 10 µm) relative to longer fibers.For mesothelioma, the hypothesis that chrysotile and amphibole asbestos are equally potent (rpc = 1) was strongly rejected by every metric and the hypothesis that (pure) chrysotile is nonpotent for mesothelioma was not rejected by any metric. Best estimates for the relative potency of chrysotile ranged from zero to about 1/200th that of amphibole asbestos (depending on metric). For lung can...

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“…see Wagner and Skidmore, 1965;Davis et al, 1978;Davis, 1989;Case et al, 1997;McDonald et al, 1997;McDonald, 1998). The conclusion that less biopersistent fibres are less hazardous has also been demonstrated for a number of man-made vitreous fibres in studies by Hesterberg et al (1998) and Miller et al (1999) for example, and is reflected in the findings of an IARC Working Party (IARC, 2002) and the conclusions of Hesterberg et al (2012) on the safe manufacture and use of glass fibre. The central role of biopersistence in fibre toxicology is also supported by more recent studies on a polymer (Donaldson, 2009) and carbon nanotubes (Donaldson et al, 2010), for example.…”

Section: Principles Of Fibre Toxicity and The Key Role Of Biopersistencementioning

confidence: 78%

Alkaline earth silicate wools – A new generation of high temperature insulation

Brown¹,

Harrison

2012

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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The Importance of Fiber Biopersistence and Lung Dose in Determining the Chronic Inhalation Effects of X607, RCF1, and Chrysotile Asbestos in Rats

Cited by 70 publications

References 21 publications

The Chemiluminescent Response from Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Exposed to Various Mineral Fibers of Different Sizes.

The Chemiluminescent Response from Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Exposed to Various Mineral Fibers of Different Sizes.

A Meta-Analysis of Asbestos-Related Cancer Risk That Addresses Fiber Size and Mineral Type

Alkaline earth silicate wools – A new generation of high temperature insulation

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