The importance of ‘fitting in’: collaboration and social value creation in response to community norms and expectations

Pret, Tobias; Carter, Sara

doi:10.1080/08985626.2017.1328903

Cited by 75 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…A guest's enhanced self-image may lead to an affinity for the server, because of the positive server-guest interaction. On the other hand, failing to conform to others' expectations may elicit negative emotions and strain the rapport (Pret and Carter, 2017). In this situation, the guest often does not complain, but simply refuses to return to the same restaurant or the same server (Soscia, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Do tipping motivations predict loyalty to the server in a restaurant?

Whaley

Lee

Kim

2019

IHR

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether guests’ tipping motivations (i.e. server quality, social norm and food quality) and demographic characteristics (i.e. gender, age and income) influence loyalty to the server in a restaurant. Design/methodology/approach Based on a national online survey consumer panel comprised of 468 participants, the authors utilized decision tree using R statistical software. Predictor variables were tipping motivations and demographic characteristics (age, gender and income). Target variable was loyalty to the server. Findings The findings suggest that social norm, food quality and income influence customers’ loyalty toward the same server on future visits. Social norm turned out to be the strongest predictor. If consumers did not have high social norm on tipping, their loyalty toward a particular server was affected by the combination of determinants such as server quality, social norm, income and food quality. Research limitations/implications Future research can identify or develop scales of tipping motivations with stronger reliabilities in the context of restaurants. Future research can also explore other demographic differences (e.g. ethnicity and sexual orientation) in tipping motivations and server loyalty. Practical implications Servers are indeed the primary contact point and they are in the most influential position with consumers. Overall, results of this study provide an interesting insight in that restaurant guests’ experience can be ruined by bad quality of food or can be mitigated by server quality. Thus, this research highlights a step-by-step process as to the actions that a server may perform and manage in order to enhance server loyalty. Originality/value Loyalty has been examined in the context of products, brands or service providers. This study focuses on loyalty toward a specific server, because the consideration of server–guest relationship provides both a compelling and timely area of study in that restaurants continue to look for unique ways to drive server–guest rapport and customer loyalty.

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confidence: 99%

Do tipping motivations predict loyalty to the server in a restaurant?

Whaley

Lee

Kim

2019

IHR

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“…Rather, and as the extracts discussed in this article illustrate, the process of giving meaning to the context within which Holden operated was very much a collaborative effort, co‐constructed through dialogue and debate between Holden and his network contacts. In this way, the findings presented in this article can be seen to support the argument of Baker and Welter (, p. 16), who advocate that “context is not something that just 'is” for entrepreneurs, but instead is something they enact and construct, often in idiosyncratic ways, typically through routine interactions.” Looking forward, it is hoped that future studies will further explore such everyday exchanges in order to advance and deepen our understanding of the varied ways in which entrepreneurs interact with and enact contexts (Baker and Welter, ; Pret and Carter, ; Spedale and Watson, ).…”

Section: Discussion and Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historicizing entrepreneurial networks

Hollow

2020

Strategic Entrepreneurship

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Research summary In recent years, there has been increased interest in the role of context in different entrepreneurial processes. This article builds on this line of research by deploying a microhistorical‐informed approach to contextualize and make sense of the ways in which the correspondence network of the nineteenth‐century British entrepreneur, Isaac Holden, changed over time. In the process, it contributes to our understanding of entrepreneurial networks by illustrating: (a) how networking activities take place through specific communication platforms with their own socio‐technical qualities; (b) how entrepreneurs have the capacity to actively shape and co‐create the context within which their networking activity takes place; and (c) how entrepreneurial networking activity can take place in conjunction with—or as a result of—networking activity in other social movements. Managerial Abstract For entrepreneurs, having an effective network of trusted contacts can be the difference between success and failure. But what happens to these relationships when (or if) the entrepreneur achieves commercial success? Do they change? This article advances our understanding in this respect by providing an in‐depth analysis of how, and why, the personal network of Isaac Holden—a British wool manufacturing entrepreneur from the Victorian era—changed over time. In the process, it provides interesting insights into how political, social, cultural, and technological factors have the capacity to shape the way that entrepreneurial networks change and evolve over time.

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“…These statistics show that social enterprise and network studies have, to date, particularly focused on developed economies (33.3 per cent), for examples see Vestrum (2014), Christopoulos and Vogl (2015), Pret and Carter (2017), etc. This percentage rises still further if the data for multiple country studies is included, as many of these focus on multiple developed economies, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…institutional theories, resource-based theories, etc., were also found (Stephan et al, 2015;Slimane and Lamine, 2017), suggesting evolution in, and the growing sophistication of, research on social enterprise and networks. Todres et al (2006), Meaton (2007, 2008) Pret and Carter (2017), Barinaga (2017) Examples: Seanor and Meaton (2007)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights from a systematic review of literature on social enterprise and networks

Littlewood

Khan

2018

SEJ

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Purpose-This paper aims to contribute to better understanding of where and how network concepts, theories and perspectives, organisational networks, and networking practices, are being studied and deployed in social enterprise research. This is done through a systematic review of social enterprise and networks literature in business and management journals. Key trends and developments in this literature, and gaps and limitations, are identified, culminating in discussion of what next for social enterprise and networks research. The papers in this special issue on "Social Enterprise and Networks" are introduced. Design/methodology/approach-A systematic review was undertaken of social enterprise and networks literature in business and management journals. Journals sampled included all those in the Entrepreneurship and Small Business subject area of the Association of Business Schools (ABS) Academic Journal Guide 2018, the journals in the Financial Times 50 research ranking, and selected wider business and society, non-profit management and public administration journals. Findings-Analysis of publishing patterns of social enterprise and networks research finds that such research is growing, and that varied network perspectives, concepts and theories are being deployed. Social enterprise and networks are also being studied globally, using different methodologies. Nevertheless, there remains scope for deeper theoretical engagement, and for a wider range of network theories to be used. More even geographic coverage is also needed, and further insights can be gained through use of alternative methodologies. Research limitations/implications-Discussions in this paper have implications for research through outlining systematically the state of current scholarship on social enterprise and networks. In so doing, insight is provided on what is known about social enterprise and networks. But also on what is not known and where further enquiry is needed. Direction is thus provided for future social enterprise and networks scholarship. Practical implications-In this paper, how, and the extent to which, social enterprise and networks scholarship offers implications for practice and policy is considered. Originality/value-This paper makes a valuable contribution to social enterprise scholarship. It outlines the state of current knowledge and research on social enterprise and networks, identifying where and how relationships between social enterprise and networks have been studied, whilst also providing insights for what next in future social enterprise and networks research.

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The importance of ‘fitting in’: collaboration and social value creation in response to community norms and expectations

Cited by 75 publications

References 120 publications

Do tipping motivations predict loyalty to the server in a restaurant?

Do tipping motivations predict loyalty to the server in a restaurant?

Historicizing entrepreneurial networks

Insights from a systematic review of literature on social enterprise and networks

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