The importance of Legal Reserves for protecting the Pantanal biome and preventing agricultural losses

Guerra, Angélica; Oliveira, Paulo Tarso Sanches de; Roque, Fábio de Oliveira; Rosa, Isabel M.D.; Ochoa-Quintero, José Manuel; Guariento, Rafael Dettogni; Colman, Carina Barbosa; Dib, Viviane; Maioli, Verônica; Strassburg, Bernardo B. N.; Garcia, L. C.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110128

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Sobre os estados de Alagoas, São Paulo (região noroeste), e Minas Gerais estão relacionados a áreas com plantio de cana-de-açúcar, e tal cultivo utiliza o fogo para a colheita (Fernandes & Correia Filho, 2014;Mataveli et al, 2017;Girardi, 2019;Oliveira-Júnior et al, 2020b;Marinho et al, 2021;. Em relação aos estados do Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul, a alta incidência também está relacionada a expansão da produção agrícola conforme verificado por Oliveira-Júnior et al (2020b), Guerra et al (2020). A expansão agrícola associada às alterações no clima (Oliveira-Júnior et al, 2020a) resultaram em secas no bioma Cerrado (Santos et al, 2014;Souza et al, 2020a;Souza et al, 2020b), Amazônico (Alencar et al, 2015;Fonseca et al, 2019), e no Pantanal (Marengo et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Diagnóstico espaço-temporal dos focos de calor no Brasil

Santos

Filho

Júnior

et al. 2021

RSD

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O surgimento de incêndios florestais pode ser de origem antrópica ou natural, ambas causam grandes prejuízos socioeconômico e ambiental, e em boa parte dessas ocorrências são resultantes da ocorrência de Focos de Calor (FC). Nos últimos anos, o Brasil tem sofrido com o aumento significativo de FC, ao qual resultaram em grandes incêndios. Desta maneira, o objetivo do presente estudo foi diagnosticar o comportamento espaço-temporal dos FC no Brasil entre 1999 e 2020, baseados nos dados de dados BDQueimadas do CPTEC/INPE. Para a manipulação e o processamento dos dados, utilizou-se o software de ambiente R versão 3.4-1. Após o armazenamento dos dados, calculou-se os registros totais, médias anual e mensal, e a composição dos anos mais significativos, neste caso, os anos de 2015, 2017, 2019 e 2020. Os resultados apontaram que os maiores acumulados totais e médios anuais variaram entre 10-50 mil FC e 0,5-1,5 mil FC, concentrados na região centro-norte do Brasil, principalmente nos estados do Maranhão, Pará e Tocantins. Este padrão de alto registros de FC está relacionado ao desmatamento e expansão agrícola nessas regiões. Em escala mensal, as maiores ocorrências de FC ocorrem entre os meses de agosto e novembro, com valores de 0,20-0,45 mil FC, devido ao período de estiagem. Verificou-se que nos últimos anos, o El Niño-Oscilação Sul influenciou a incidência dos FC através da persistência de longos períodos de estiagem, que resultaram em escassez de chuvas e grandes incêndios verificados em 2020 no bioma Pantanal.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Diagnóstico espaço-temporal dos focos de calor no Brasil

Santos

Filho

Júnior

et al. 2021

RSD

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“…This is an alarming fact, as continuing habitat conversion at current rates (a conservative estimate) will lead to a loss of more than a quarter of the current habitat for each of the three species in 30 years (Figs 6 and 7). Habitat loss might be even higher, as the rate of conversion of native vegetation is expected to increase in the region (Roque et al 2016, Padovani 2017, Guerra et al 2020a, 2020b. The low amount of area predicted to be suitable for the three species that is currently within conservation units is related to the placement of protected areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modified areas with low potential for natural regeneration have already been identified in the Pantanal (Pott et al 2018), where active restoration actions will be necessary. Nevertheless, restoration actions are scarce in spite of increasing habitat degradation (Guerra et al 2020a(Guerra et al , 2020b(Guerra et al , 2020c.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of protected areas and future habitat loss threaten the Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) and its main food and nesting resources

Oliveira

Szabo

Júnior

et al. 2021

Ibis

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Habitat loss is a major reason for population declines and thus increases extinction risk, particularly for endemic or specialist species. Protected areas are an important biodiversity conservation strategy in the face of native vegetation conversion, but local and regional factors such as anthropogenic pressure can jeopardize their effectiveness. The Pantanal biome is one of the largest inland wetlands in the world. Currently, only 11% of the Pantanal is protected, 7% with full protection and 4% under sustainable use. However, 14% of the natural vegetation of the biome was lost between 2002 and 2014, negatively affecting its biodiversity. Here, we analyse how the availability of protected areas and habitat loss affects the conservation of the Hyacinth Macaw Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, as well as the Acuri Palm Attalea phalerata and the Manduvi Tree Sterculia apetala, its two main resources for food and nesting, respectively. We modelled potential distributions to assess the spatio‐temporal patterns of habitat loss due to the conversion of native vegetation and to evaluate to what degree currently protected areas contribute to the conservation of these three species in the Pantanal. We found that, on average, 11.8% of the suitable habitat had been converted and that 10.6% of habitat predicted as suitable is currently protected. In addition, our results indicated important areas for the three species, which are of high priority for conservation and restoration. We also identified priorities for protection and restoration to maintain native vegetation, such as the creation of corridors. We believe that the high conversion rate and the low protection of suitable areas are related to the fact that these species are associated with areas that are rarely or never flooded. In the Pantanal, these areas are more prone to the conversion of native vegetation and are poorly protected given their higher economic value compared with areas with a high frequency of flooding. These facts, and the inadequate management of these areas, such as inappropriate fire regimens, threaten the persistence of these iconic species in the Pantanal.

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“…For the long-term survival of the jaguar, it is essential to implement conservation plans that consider the dispersal and reproduction of the species along the Paraguay River 74 , increase the network and size of PAs, and adequately allocate funding and personnel to maintain the PAs. Furthermore, careful implementation of strategies to mitigate the risk of fire 15,16,75 and other human impacts outside PAs [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]66,76 are urgent needs for conservation of the Pantanal. In any case, our results highlight that to sustain viable populations of jaguars and other species, conservation plans for the Pantanal must account for fire impact on PAs and other vital areas for biodiversity.…”

Section: Fires As a Threat To Jaguarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildfires Disproportionately Affected Jaguars in the Pantanal

Barros

Morato

Fleming

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Pantanal wetland harbours the second largest population of jaguars in the world. Alongside climate and land-use changes, the recent mega-fires in the Pantanal may pose a new threat to the jaguars’ long-term survival. To put these growing threats into perspective, we addressed the reach and intensity of fires that have affected jaguar conservation in the Pantanal ecoregion over the last 16 years. The 2020 fires were the most severe in the annual series, followed by 2019, burned 31% of the Pantanal and affected (I) 45% of the estimated jaguar population (87% of these affected in Brazil); II) 79% of the home range (HRs) areas, and (III) 54% of the protected areas (PAs) within HRs. Fires consumed core habitats and injured several individual jaguars, the Pantanal’s apex predator and umbrella species. Displacement, hunger, dehydration, territorial defence, and lower fecundity are among the impacts that may affect the abundance of the species. These impacts are likely to affect other less mobile species and, therefore, the ecological stability of the region. A solution to prevent the recurrence of mega-fires lies in combating the anthropogenic causes that intensify drought conditions, such as implementing actions to protect springs, increasing the number and area of PAs, regulating the use of fire, and allocating fire brigades before dry seasons.

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The importance of Legal Reserves for protecting the Pantanal biome and preventing agricultural losses

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

Diagnóstico espaço-temporal dos focos de calor no Brasil

Diagnóstico espaço-temporal dos focos de calor no Brasil

Lack of protected areas and future habitat loss threaten the Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) and its main food and nesting resources

Wildfires Disproportionately Affected Jaguars in the Pantanal

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