1972
DOI: 10.1007/bf02359739
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The importance of mechanical transmission in the epidemiology of nagana: A review

Abstract: SUMMARYThe mechanical transmission of nagana trypanosomes is reviewed in relation to the presence ofTrypanosoma vivax in countries outside Africa where tsetse are unknown. The conclusion is reached that cyclical transmission in a vector other than tsetse must remain a possibility in these locations.

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Cited by 48 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…Mechanical transmission across cows has been experimentally demonstrated for the tabanids Cryptotylus unicolor (Ferenc et al 1988apud Dwinger & Hall 2000, and Tabanus importunus (Raymond 1990) in French Guiana, and for Tabanus nebulosus in Colombia (Otte & Abuabara 1991). Although it has been proposed that the parasite might be cyclically transmitted in South America by an unknown vector other than Glossina (Wells 1972), no evidence is available to support this hypothesis. Mechanical transmission of African isolates of T. vivax was recently demonstrated in experimental conditions with tabanids (Desquesnes & Dia 2003.…”
Section: Transmissionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mechanical transmission across cows has been experimentally demonstrated for the tabanids Cryptotylus unicolor (Ferenc et al 1988apud Dwinger & Hall 2000, and Tabanus importunus (Raymond 1990) in French Guiana, and for Tabanus nebulosus in Colombia (Otte & Abuabara 1991). Although it has been proposed that the parasite might be cyclically transmitted in South America by an unknown vector other than Glossina (Wells 1972), no evidence is available to support this hypothesis. Mechanical transmission of African isolates of T. vivax was recently demonstrated in experimental conditions with tabanids (Desquesnes & Dia 2003.…”
Section: Transmissionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…populations through the use of insecticideimpregnated targets (Vale et al, 1988), insecticide-treated cattle, (Shereni, 1990) and odour-baited traps (Dransfield et a\., 1990) have suggested the possibility of achieving practical levels of trypanosomiasis control without the necessity of eradicating tsetse flies. These new techniques may reduce disease incidence in most areas where mechanical transmission of trypanosomes by biting flies is not a significant factor (Wells, 1972). Similarly, on a theoretical basis, eradication of disease should be possible at some lower threshold of Glossina density, depending on the transmission dynamics of the hostparasite-vector system (Rogers, 1988 The quantification of the relationship between Glossina densities and infection rates in livestock is encumbered by many practical (Snow & Tarimo, 1983;Rogers, 1985) and theoretical considerations (Milligan & Baker, 1988;Rogers, 1988;Milligan, 1990).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cette découverte n'est ni confirmée par d'autres travaux ni complétée par des essais de trans mission. Elle n'est discutée ni par Wells (1972) qui émet pourtant l'hypothèse du vecteur biologique inconnu de T. vivax en Amérique ni par Krinsky (1976) Aucun T. vivax n'a encore été trouvé chez les taons de Colombie malgré des recherches intensives (Page, 1972, Wilkerson, 1979. Page (1972) estime cependant la transmis sion cyclique plus probable que la transmission mécanique dans l'élevage qu'il étudie en raison de la rareté des taons et de la faible fréquence des repas interrompus, conditions non réunies en Guyane française.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Page (1972) estime cependant la transmis sion cyclique plus probable que la transmission mécanique dans l'élevage qu'il étudie en raison de la rareté des taons et de la faible fréquence des repas interrompus, conditions non réunies en Guyane française. Wells (1972) cite à l'appui de l'hypothèse du vecteur biologique le fait que la réparti tion de T. vivax en Colombie est similaire à celle que l'on peut trouver en Afrique en fonction de la distribution des glossines le long des galeries forestières. En Guyane fran çaise, les taons sont beaucoup plus abondants près des forêts-galeries (Raymond et coll., 1987).…”
Section: Discussionunclassified