The Importance of Shoot Entry in the Action of Herbicides Applied to the Soil

Parker, Christopher

doi:10.2307/4040941

Cited by 104 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…' Bio-assay. The degree of leaching and adsorption of the herbicides were evaluated by using a bio-assay method described by Parker (9). The bio-assay is based on the extent of root growth of seedlings in a culture of silica sand saturated with the herbicide solution ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simplified Method for Determining Phytotoxicity, Leaching, and Adsorption of Herbicides in Soils

Eshel¹,

Warren²

1967

Weeds

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simplified Method for Determining Phytotoxicity, Leaching, and Adsorption of Herbicides in Soils

Eshel¹,

Warren²

1967

Weeds

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“…Hence, the emerging shoot of the seedling will pass through soil containing a higher concentration of herbicide than that to which the root system is exposed. It has been shown that some pre-emergence herbicides are phytotoxic when localized solely in the shoot zone of emerging seedlings (Parker, 1966;Prendeville et aL, 1967;Knake, Appleby & Furtick, 1967;Prendevilie, 1968). The present experiments were made with several pre-emergence herbicides, which are used for selective weed control in \ egetable crops, to determine their relative toxicities when localized in the shoot zone of emerging seedlings of lettuce, turnip and ryegrass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Distribution of Herbicides in Soil and Their Availability to Plants: Shoot Compared With Root Uptake

Walker¹

1973

Weed Research

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Summary. Turnip, lettuce and ryegrass seedlings showed toxicity symptoms following shoot exposure to atrazine, linuron and aziprotryne at soil concentrations less than would be obtained from normal field applications. Responses following shoot exposure to simazine and lenacil were much less. Root exposure to all five herbicides caused seedling death at concentrations lower than those required for ‘shoot‐zone’ toxicity. Pronamide and chlorpropham were tested against ryegrass only and at the concentrations examined were toxic only when localized in the shoot zone. Root exposure suppressed root growth, but the shoots were able to grow normally if the soil was kept sufficiently moist. Shoots contained more 14C‐atrazine at emergence after shoot exposure compared with root exposure, but there was little subsequent uptake from the shoot zone. There was extensive uptake from the root zone after emergence. In the shoot‐zone treatments, concentrations in the plant were high at emergence but were rapidly diluted by plant growth, whereas with root exposure, they increased throughout the experiments. The possible significance of these results to herbicide bebaviour under field conditions is discussed. La distribution verticale des herbicides dans le sol et leur disponibilité pour les plantes: absorption comparée par la partie aèrienne et par les radnes

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“…As amostras foram misturadas, destorroadas e peneiradas em peneiras de 2 mm antes de utilizadas para o teste. Parker (1966) foram aplicados na forma descrita por Novo et ai. (1991), sendo, no método de Santelman, usadas duas plantas de pepino ou três de sorgo, por recipiente, e as determinações feitas aos 24 dias do plantio.…”

Section: Análise De Persistênciaunclassified

Persistência de linuron e orizalina em latossolo roxo sob cultivo de soja

et al. 1992

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O ensaio foi efetuado durante dois anos consecutivos na Estação Experimental de Ribeirão Preto, em latossolo roxo cultivado com soja IAC-11. O experimento foi em parcelas subdivididas com os tratamentos das parcelas principais dispostos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo estudados os tratamentos seguintes: linuron, nas doses 1,00 e 2,00 kg/ha; orizalina, nas doses 1,875 e 3,75 kg/ha e duas testemunhas sem herbicidas; nas subparcelas, estudaram-se as épocas de amostragem. As sementes de todas as parcelas tratadas com herbicida e uma das testemunhas foram inoculadas com Bradyrhizobium japonicum estirpe SMS-443 (= 29W). Foi feita a comparação quanto à sensibilidade dos bioensaios usando os métodos de Parker e Santelman. Verificou-se que, para a detecção de orizalina, o método de Parker foi o mais sensível, ocorrendo o inverso para o linuron. Em condições de campo, a perda da atividade da orizalina, nas doses de 1,875 e 3,75 kg/ha, foi lenta, tendo persistido no primeiro ano até 112 dias após a aplicação, enquanto, no segundo ano, as mesmas doses ainda reduziam 50% o crescimento da planta-teste até 84 e 145 dias respectivamente. Neste segundo ensaio, o final da persistência no solo para ambas as doses de orizalina ocorreu aos 390 dias da aplicação. Quanto ao linuron, embora sua fitotoxicidade inicial fosse bastante elevada, no primeiro ano, aos 42 dias, não havia mais sintoma de fitotoxicidade devido a qualquer uma das doses. No segundo ano, na aplicação de 1,00 kg/ha, aos 28 dias, o produto havia-se degradado em nível não detectado pela planta-teste, o que ocorreu para a dose de 2,00 kg/ha somente aos 70 dias.

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The Importance of Shoot Entry in the Action of Herbicides Applied to the Soil

Cited by 104 publications

References 7 publications

A Simplified Method for Determining Phytotoxicity, Leaching, and Adsorption of Herbicides in Soils

A Simplified Method for Determining Phytotoxicity, Leaching, and Adsorption of Herbicides in Soils

Vertical Distribution of Herbicides in Soil and Their Availability to Plants: Shoot Compared With Root Uptake

Persistência de linuron e orizalina em latossolo roxo sob cultivo de soja

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