The importance of the wood biomass in environment protection

Spirchez, Cosmin; Lunguleasa, Aurel; Croitoru, Cătălin

doi:10.1063/1.5018502

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In recent years, as international interest in global environmental protection has grown, the efficient use of biomass materials such as wood, which is a renewable resource, has been promoted [1][2][3]. Cellulose fiber (CF) is obtained from wood pulp and it is expected to be used effectively, and especially, cellulose nanofiber (CNF), which is obtained from defibrillated CF into nanoscale fibers, has 1/5 the density and five times the strength of steel [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Electroplated Nickel Composite Films Using Cellulose Nanofibers Introduced with Carboxy Groups as Co-Deposited Materials

et al. 2023

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In this study, the fabrication of nickel (Ni)-cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite electroplating films was attempted using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized CNF as CNF introduced with carboxy groups. As a result, co-deposition was confirmed for both CNFs, and the former showed 82% improvement in surface Vickers hardness compared to the plated film deposited from a conventional Watts bath without CNF. Although the latter showed slightly inferior 71% improvement, the surface roughness measurement showed a smoother surface than that of the plated copper material C1100. On the other hand, the film with CMC had a rough surface. The image analysis showed that the distance between co-deposited CNF on the surface of the plated film was 40% shorter on the specimen with TEMPO CNF than CMC, indicating that a fine dispersion was obtained. In addition, a co-deposition model was proposed in which Ni is deposited from the chelate complex formed between the carboxylate of CNF and Ni ions. CNF is fixed to the plated film surface by Ni deposition and the simultaneous bond of hydrogen ions to the carboxylate, resulting in a return to the carboxy group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Electroplated Nickel Composite Films Using Cellulose Nanofibers Introduced with Carboxy Groups as Co-Deposited Materials

et al. 2023

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“…The value of κ is the ratio of the energy content of forest biomass to substitute. The value of κ was considered, based on the energy content of substitutes like LPG (= 46.1 MJ/kg) and fuelwood of tropical trees (= 20.90 MJ/kg) (Bauer, 1996;Duruaku et al, 2016;Spîrchez, Lunguleasa and Croitoru, 2017). κ value for fuelwood to LPG was estimated as 0.453.…”

Section: Effect Of Discount Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of Forest, Based on a Fuelwood Substitute as Well as Considering the Cultural and Spiritual Values: An Optimal Fuelwood Harvest Model

Banerjee

2022

Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development

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Excessive fuelwood harvest is a major cause of deforestation in developing countries. To mitigate this, various preventive measures have been introduced in different countries. The availability of affordable substitutes to the community dependent on the forest for domestic energy consumption may prevent further forest degradation. A stock-dependent optimal control model of fuelwood harvest from a natural forest is presented here and comparative statics has been used to show that the presence of a fuelwood substitute will reduce its harvest and increase the forest stock. The model indicates that the availability of cheaper and high-energy content alternatives for fuelwood can substantially reduce fuelwood extraction from a forest. Also, a lower discount rate and higher cultural and spiritual values (CSV) will keep the optimal forest stock close to its carrying capacity and reduce fuelwood harvest. The model reveals that the maximum sustainable yield of forest stock and the ratio of energy content per unit mass of fuel plays a central role in the fate of forest stock and the level of fuelwood harvest. An empirical example of the Southeast Asian Forest growth model along with Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a substitute has been used to illustrate the results. The outcomes of this study can be incorporated into forest conservation policies.

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“…The value of is the ratio of the energy content of forest biomass to substitute. The value of was considered, based on the energy content of substitutes like LPG (= 46.1 MJ/kg) and fuelwood of tropical trees (= 20.90 MJ/kg) (Bauer, 1996;Duruaku, Ajiwe, Okoye, & Arinze, 2016;Spîrchez, Lunguleasa, & Croitoru, 2017). value for fuelwood to LPG was estimated as 0.453.…”

Section: Empirical Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Logistic growth models of the Southeast Asian forest expressed by the relation = 0 0 +( − 0 ) − , where 0 is the initial forest biomass stock, K is the carrying capacity, r is the biotic potential and t is the time in years.Let us assume that, = , ℎ = and = , under optimum conditions where,2,4,6,8,10}, thereby, ⁄ = {0.111, 0.250, 0.429, 0.667, 1, 1.5, 2.333, 4, 9} are the MRS values considered.Using equations (2), (4), (5), (12), (13) and (36) the optimal forest stock, * and optimal harvest, ℎ * are is the ratio of the energy content of forest biomass to substitute. The value of was considered, based on the energy content of substitutes like LPG (= 46.1 MJ/kg) and fuelwood of tropical trees (= 20.90 MJ/kg)(Bauer, 1996;Duruaku, Ajiwe, Okoye, & Arinze, 2016;Spîrchez, Lunguleasa, & Croitoru, 2017). value for fuelwood to LPG was estimated as 0.453.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of forest based on a fuelwood substitute as well as considering the cultural and spiritual values: an optimal fuelwood harvest model

Banerjee¹

2020

Preprint

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Excessive fuelwood harvest is a major cause of deforestation in the developing countries. To mitigate this, various preventive measures have been introduced in different countries. Availability of affordable substitute to the community dependent on the forest for domestic energy consumption may prevent further forest degradation. A stock dependent optimal control model of fuelwood harvest from a natural forest is presented here and comparative statics has been used to show that the presence of a fuelwood substitute will reduce its harvest and increase the forest stock. The model indicates that availability of cheaper and high energy content alternative for fuelwood can substantially reduce fuelwood extraction from a forest. Also, a lower discount rate and higher cultural and spiritual values (CSV) will keep the optimal forest stock close to its carrying capacity and reduce fuelwood harvest. The model reveals that the maximum sustainable yield of forest stock and the ratio of energy content per unit mass of fuel play a central role in the fate of forest stock and level of fuelwood harvest. Empirical example of the Southeast Asian forest growth model along with Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) as substitute has been used to illustrate the results. The outcomes of this study can incorporated into forest conservation polices.

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The importance of the wood biomass in environment protection

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Fabrication of Electroplated Nickel Composite Films Using Cellulose Nanofibers Introduced with Carboxy Groups as Co-Deposited Materials

Fabrication of Electroplated Nickel Composite Films Using Cellulose Nanofibers Introduced with Carboxy Groups as Co-Deposited Materials

Conservation of Forest, Based on a Fuelwood Substitute as Well as Considering the Cultural and Spiritual Values: An Optimal Fuelwood Harvest Model

Conservation of forest based on a fuelwood substitute as well as considering the cultural and spiritual values: an optimal fuelwood harvest model

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